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Category: Political & Social History

Corbières: Sex, Wine & Politics

Corbières

Sex, Wine & Politics

Sex

1973.     Thezan – Saturday Night Entertainment. It was supposed to be a dance – put it this way, it was described as a dance. Juan and me roll up in his 1959 Swiss registered Peugot. Some local lads – average age 15 to 17 –  are hanging around the open door to the village hall. Is anything happening? The doors open into a darkness. But we hear music. Ah, so there must be a dance. We get out and enter the hall. This is what we saw.

Only the stage is lit. On it, on the extreme right-hand side is a table and four chairs, a record player on the table and three blokes and two girls, all smoking in a meaningful ‘sophisticated’ way – particularly the girls – one of whom flirts with the bloke putting the records on. And really weird records they are too, totally nondescript.  The only tune I recognise is Sunny, sung in French.  The volume, turned up to maximum, is not enough to fill the hall, and is distorted.

The girl who flirts wears a white sweater and trousers and has her hair short. The general style of clothes – boys and girls – is from ten years ago, or even more. Or maybe it’s timeless.

The girl who flirts strides around the stage, jumps off and back on it. She’s familiar with it, and the hall. She does this with a sort of contempt for the audience – yes, audience. For instead of clearing the hall chairs to the side, for dancing, they remain in place. There is hardly anyone dancing. A lot of the seats are occupied  by young itinerant Spanish men in their twenties. Grape pickers, from across the border. They nudge each other when a girl or woman walks past, or enters the hall. Older Spanish men are also seated together, quietly smoking. Also some Spanish Mum’s, Dad’s, daughters and sons are sitting together. All grape pickers. There is just a sprinkling of local teens, some of whom are siting at the back of the hall in the near dark, but no necking is going on.

Meanwhile the flirting on the stage continues, leading to the ‘D.J.’, who looks as if he’s in his early 20s, chasing the girl up and down  the short aisle between the chairs, until, eventually, at the back of the hall they catch one another and embrace steadily for 5 minutes, watched by 75% of the ‘audience’, mostly the Spanish men, whose steady gaze falls on their  entwined bodies. Coupled with this  burst of activity, suddenly up front, near the stage one boy and girl and one girl and one girl are dancing to the strange and distorted music. They’re dancing a sort of jogging foxtrot, and these are kids in their teens. Their hands demurely not touching each others bodies, except for a hand on a shoulder, or, as horny as you dare get, lightly the waist.

One of the other lads on the stage has proudly taken over the ‘D.J’ duties. The Spanish families take their leave – there is work tomorrow, blazing heat work. The single middle aged Spanish men look at each other too and slowly get up. The younger Spanish men take no notice, eyes glued now  to the dancing couples at the front. Juan and me also make a move. We too have blazing heat work tomorrow. The music is still playing, but to a quarter empty hall.

Outside the village is dark and quiet. As we drive away, heading back to Montséret, the  original D.J. and the girl in the white sweater are picked up in the car’s headlamps. Two bodies lit up, surrounded by the black of the night, the girl clutching desperately  the bloke with a strange unloving, almost frightened expression. We drive on. The night swallows them up.

Wine

1973.   Waiting for the harvest, Monséret.  The boredom, of waiting for the harvesting to start: tomorrow, the day after?… eating, sleeping, drinking, and drinking to sleep. The heat. Glaring sun outside…. Hundreds of buzzing flies. Fornicating on the table inside the old stone building. The stone building with sleeping quarters upstairs, and a general area with a rudimentary kitchen, of sorts, downstairs, an old well rutted wooden table for eating and sitting at. The table supporting the fornicating flies. No point in trying to whisk them away – they return in a micro-second to search for crumbs and to fornicate. But you still swat at them.

Lizards on the walls of village buildings during the day. The hum of insects at night. The quiet  streets during the day. The quietness of the village streets. The heavy shadows punctuated some days by a public announcement from the  loud speaker in the village centre.  ‘So and so’ the mobile draper will be arriving in his van tomorrow  morning at ten.

 In the morning, the villagers and grape-pickers with no WC walk to the edge of the village to the cement rendered communal toilet block. A queue is already forming in the dusty road. Even at this hour the sun is burning down.

Tools of our trade are  secateurs for cutting off the bundles of black dark grapes, and glass fibre receptacles for them,  strapped to our back. We move forwards more or less in a line, cut, snip, cut. Always the sun. Almost all of us wears a hat or a cap, to protect our brains from boiling.

In a unlikely found spot of shade Madam Arnaud, the owner of the vineyard, stands watching the progress of the harvest. One of God’s representatives on Earth, wearing the  colour of spiritual enlightenment – black – jests with her. 

So there you have it. The Landowner, the Priest, the Workers.

Politics

1973.  Thezan – the Political Meeting. It’s in the same village hall that hosted the ‘Dance’, except the lighting is better. A lot better and I notice for the first time the brightness of the painted walls – yellow and red. Quite a good attendance, far more than you would see in a UK village, or town.  It’s dark outside, as it was at the ‘Dance’.  Inside sit small land-owners, labourers, and one or two folk I recognise from the grape harvesting – the lorry driver, the vineyard manager, and others. Sitting in front of me are an old couple in simple well-worn peasant clothing.

Up on the stage, on the platform, is a table with four chairs. Acting as Chairman is the ‘Mayor’ of Thezan. In his 50s. He wears an open neck check shirt, leisurely chain-smoking  Gauloises. Thin face, small body. To his right is the Parti Socialiste candidate for Thezan (or is the Canton?), and next to him a guy whose thighs bulge underneath the cloth of his trousers, who throughout, sitting with his arms folded, face expressionless, wearing dark glasses, says nothing. 

To the left of the Mayor is a big hefty bloke who wears a tie. When the P.S. candidate was talking the big hefty bloke had a habit of wrinkling his forehead, which was like dropping a stone into still water, for the rest of his head rippled. His grey-turning-white French crewcut moved backwards and forwards at every wrinkle. I almost found it disgusting, I don’t know why.

The P.S candidate isn’t a very forceful speaker and he doesn’t stand up. I can’t understand all of what he’s saying, apart from references to tourism and, particularly wine. I’d noticed around the Corbiéres region the same slogan was sprayed or chalked everywhere – on old farm buildings, isolated bus stops, on a road ‘BUVEZ VIN FRANCAIS“. This, apparently was a response to the importation of Algerian wine. The P.S candidate ended by saying he and his Party had full support for  the French wine growers, and that the P.S. support was reliable, a curious word to use, I thought.  Everyone had been listening attentively, and they clapped. During his speech I’d noticed, when making a point, he turned to the seated fat man on the left of the Mayor, who in response would forcibly nod  his head in agreement. And it is this man, who has a deep gruff voice, who unlike the P.S candidate stands up. He’s a real pro. His voice booms across every corner of the hall. He refers to sheets of papers that he has produced from an attache case, waving this one and that one in the air, written proof, he claims, that you cannot ever put your trust in a Gaullist, never ever would be able to trust promises made by any Gaullist government, by the Gaullist Party. He shouts and harangues, and there are cheers from the audience. Having worked the audience up, he allows himself a smile of solidarity with them.

He’s been speaking longer than the P.S. candidate, who, soft spoken and soft featured is a curious candidate for the commune. But he’ll get in, probably,  thanks to the rousing oratory of the P.S. heavy. The Mayor opens the discussion to the floor. One guy – obviously well known to the audience wants to ask a question. I say well known because there is a good humoured cheer and laughter as he stands up. He acknowledges their warmth with a grin and a theatrical bow. Turning back to the candidate sitting on the stage, he asks what he  will do concretely once he’s in office. A brief reply by the candidate to the question, as the P.S. heavy shuffles back the papers he was waving into his attache case. And that’s it,  the meeting’s over.

The men on the platform come down to the floor, mixing with the groups now, handshakes, laughter, chatter. Some starting moving off for the bar, to be followed by others. The meeting has lasted 90 minutes.

More grape picking tomorrow for me and everyone else. Outside in the warm deep dark  night the cicadas crackle and  croak.  Buvez Vin Français. Buvez Corbières AOC.

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Author petegraftonPosted on July 1, 2022Categories Political & Social History2 Comments on Corbières: Sex, Wine & Politics

US Doc in Eastern Bloc. 3: Hungary 1959 – 1960

HUNGARY 1959 – 1960 in Kodachrome Colour

Palatinus Strand; Donány Street Synagogue; National Institute of Motor Therapy; Dr. Peto András.. beyond Budapest.. and sinister trucks.

Now on Pete Grafton/You Tube

Author petegraftonPosted on March 7, 2022Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags Donány Street Synagogue Budapest 1960, Dr Pető András, National Institute of Motor Therapy Budapest 1960, Palatinus Strand Budapest 1959Leave a comment on US Doc in Eastern Bloc. 3: Hungary 1959 – 1960

US Doc in Eastern Bloc

1. Polska 1958, kolorowe zdjecia/Poland 1958, colour photos

Kodachrome photos taken by a US Orthopeadic Doctor in Poland, 1958

Now on Pete Grafton/You Tube

Click below

Author petegraftonPosted on January 16, 2022Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags Orthopeadics Poland 1958, Poland 1958 colour photos, Polska 1958 kolorowe zdjeciaLeave a comment on US Doc in Eastern Bloc

I N T E R MISSION

I N T E R MISSION

Praha, 1959

Budapest, 1959

US Doc in Eastern Bloc is a forthcoming 4 part series of photo videos of a US doctor travelling within the Eastern Bloc 1958 – 1960 His speciality was Orthopedics, and he may have been attached to the World Health Organisation in Geneva. The series starts mid-January 2022.

Click below for You Tube link

Author petegraftonPosted on January 4, 2022Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags Budapest 1959, Praha 1959, US Doc in Eastern Bloc 1958 - 1960.Leave a comment on I N T E R MISSION

Hahn Hunsrück Heimat 2009

HAHN HUNSRÜCK HEIMAT 2009

HAHN: a village in the Hunsruck – HUNSRUCK, where German film-maker Edgar Reitz set his epic film series, spanning from 1918 to post re-unification of Germany in 1990.

HEIMAT – Home.

HAHN also was an important USAAF/NATO base. By 2009, with the changing political situation, it was almost unused, except for occasional NATO exercises.

HAHN is 117 km (73 miles) from Frankfurt. In 2009 RyanAir were flying a small schedule of flights from the UK to HAHN, a destination they called Franfurt Hahn.

As a military airbase it featured in the post German re-unification segment of Edgar Reitz’s HEIMAT

Waiting for a return flight to the UK I took photos.

Click below for the link to the Pete Grafton/You Tube link.

Author petegraftonPosted on December 12, 2021Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryLeave a comment on Hahn Hunsrück Heimat 2009

Jean Vigo, L’Atalante, Bassin de la Villette & Canal de St Denis

Jean Vigo, ‘L’Atalante, Bassin de la Villette & Canal de St Denis

Jean Vigo 1905 – 1934

Homage to Jean Vigo poetic film director of two short films A propos de Nice, (1930) and the banned Zero de Conduite, (1932) and his final film, the feature film L’Atalante, mutilated on its 1934 release, the year he died from tuberculosis.

Poet and screenwriter Jacques Prevert near the Bassin de la Villette, 1938. He was an ‘Extra’ in Vigo’s Zero de Conduite. photo Robert Doisneau

Near the Bassin de la Vilette, 2008. photo Pete Grafton

Now on Pete Grafton/You Tube

Author petegraftonPosted on October 16, 2021October 16, 2021Categories Political & Social HistoryLeave a comment on Jean Vigo, L’Atalante, Bassin de la Villette & Canal de St Denis

Heimatland 1938 (& Mittel-Schreiberhau/Szklarska Poreba)

Heimatland 1938 (& Mittel-Schreiberhau/Szklarska Poreba)

Now on You Tube

Author petegraftonPosted on June 11, 2021Categories Photography, Political & Social History, Second World War, Social HistoryTags Mittel-Schreiberhau 1938, Nazi Sports Rally, Szklarska PorebaLeave a comment on Heimatland 1938 (& Mittel-Schreiberhau/Szklarska Poreba)

Paris Fenced In/Paris Cloturé

Paris Fenced In/Paris Cloturé

Now on Pete Grafton/You Tube

Author petegraftonPosted on April 2, 2021Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags Paris 19, Paris fencesLeave a comment on Paris Fenced In/Paris Cloturé

Vic Hallam Ltd., Langley Mill

Vic Hallam Ltd., Langley Mill

Now on Pete Grafton/You Tube

1963/64 photos from a Derbyshire factory

Author petegraftonPosted on March 19, 2021Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags Vic Hallam Ltd 1963/64 photos, Vic Hallam Ltd Langley Mill photosLeave a comment on Vic Hallam Ltd., Langley Mill

Hoarding Sex

Hoarding Sex

Now on Pete Grafton/You Tube

aka Sex in Public

Author petegraftonPosted on March 6, 2021March 6, 2021Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags Hoarding Sex, Sex in Public, Street Sex PostersLeave a comment on Hoarding Sex

Workmates 1920 – 1975 0n You Tube

WORKMATES 1920 – 1975 0n You Tube

Author petegraftonPosted on January 22, 2021January 22, 2021Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags John White Builders Bristol 1964, Kew Gardens London 1966, Knaresborough 1944, Langley Mill Derbyshire, Monseret Corbieres wine area, Plus Flats London 1965, Straford east London 1975, Vic Hallam Ltd 1962Leave a comment on Workmates 1920 – 1975 0n You Tube

London Town 54

London Town 54

London Town 54 is now on You Tube

16 videos are now on You Tube. At You Tube key in Pete Grafton, or, London Photos 1954.

For the introduction to the You Tube presentation by Pete Grafton and London Womens fashions in 1954, Click Below.

youtu.be/COP5Gg0Rpnk

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Author petegraftonPosted on March 10, 2020June 6, 2020Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags London Town 54Leave a comment on London Town 54

Benouville Beach and Bridge, Tuesday, June 6, 1944: D Day.

Tuesday, 6 June, 1944. D Day.

Bénouville Beach & Bénouville (Pegasus) Bridge.

Posted on 6 June, 2019, the 75th Anniversary of D Day.

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British Army Royal Engineer:

I was in the first wave on D Day. It was supposed to be half past six in the morning, but we was late again!  The British Army was late again! Eight o’ clock we got there.

We went from Gosport.  We was kept up there for six weeks in the “cages” – a big white camp, all under canvas, and you had all your last minute secret training in there, but no-one knew when it was going to be. They was all over England these camps. The preparation was so strict, and intense, from the time we got to Gosport. You kept doing the same thing over and over again.  Once a week we had to all put on our battle order – we had special assault jackets, different to the Army uniform, and we got on the lorries, took us to Gosport harbour. We embarked on our tank landing craft and they took you out into the Channel.  Maybe four hours.  The next week you thought: hello, what’s going on here.  We were away, so we thought. But they brought you back. Back to the routine.

Gosport High Street, circa late 1940s.

In the camp we couldn’t get to the pub. We couldn’t get out because of the perimeter wire – they had guards on it, Redcaps and dogs. As I say, they brought you back, back to the routine. Of course the last time they took us out I thought to myself “We’re out here a fucking long while”.  And the blokes are saying “What the hell’s going on today? We want to get back”. Course they came round, the Captain, this naval officer, whatever he was, who was driving the fucking boat, he came round and gave you the word, that this was the real thing.  The old Padre came at us – cor fucking hell.  “I wish I’d known this, they wouldn’t have got me out”, but you were in the routine, you was taking orders all the time.

On the boat you was all split up into your little groups.  They split everybody up into small groups so that in case of casualties – in case a whole lot got wiped out – you still had a unit. There was only me and a Tosh, a mate of mine – us two engineers on that one boat.  Then we had an anti-aircraft gun, bren carrier, few infantrymen, few ambulance men – all mixed, so whoever got there, you had something of each.

Benouville Beach, Benouville and Benouville Bridge were in the “Sword” landing area, to the right.

When we were getting near France and I realised this was it I was like a jelly – nerves. I wasn’t no hero. I don’t think nobody was. Well, some were.

“Monday D Day Held Up”, London Daily Mirror, 7 June 1944.
Approaching Benouville Beach, France, D Day, June 6, 1944.

Where we landed was a narrow beach and the tide had started to go out.  We were supposed to have got the full tide, but as we were late it was on its way out.  We were about fifty yards out, but the Captain of the boat said “You’ll be alright, I’ll run you right up to the beach”, which he did.  They were all doing that – banging them right up onto the beach.  I hung on the barrel of the anti-aircraft gun so I wouldn’t get a wet arse.  I wasn’t going into the water for no fucker.

London Daily Mirror front page, 7 June, 1944.

When you landed you had all your colours – gold, red – and your boats went for that. We were getting shells.  The Beachmasters landed first – blokes on the beach with flags, waving them in.  They were fucking heroes – all them blokes.  Them and the MPs I think. They talk about the MPs being bastards, well the Corps of MPs might have been, because they was a different branch, but you had your own MPs attached to your unit, they was alright. They’d stand on point duty, if they was putting in an attack, and the transport had to move up.  They’d be standing on point duty on a branch road in the country, and they’d be getting knocked out right, left and centre. About six in one day we got killed. As soon as one got killed, they’d say to another one: You – point duty, and as they were going up there: Bang!

London Daily Mirror, 7 June, 1944.

You had a map reference when you landed, where to go. If you were interested. Course, some went that way, and some went the other way! But where could you desert to? You took a chance whatever way you went.  Everybody was on the beach.  It was jammed up.  They had a casualty clearing station up one end, dug in some cliffs, they was taking the casualties in there.  There was a little stone wall – a parapet wall along the front and we was behind that, crouching. All of us. No fucker would move. They was all piling up behind there.  It was Bénouville beach we’d landed on. Our objective was Bénouville Bridge. We had to meet up with the 6th Airborne who’d landed in front of us and captured the bridge.  But we didn’t know whether they’d captured it or not! No one knew how to get to where they were supposed to go. You’d say “Where you going mate?”  You walked, run or got a lift up there.  We were like a load of kids on an outing.

As soon as they realised the first attack had gone in and it was serious they started slinging a few shells back. It was everyman for himself.

British radio programmes, D Day, 6 June, 1944.  Source Birmingham Evening Despatch.

There was a bit of an opening where the road came down to the beach and they were all making for that.  And the first thing I see, laying in the middle of the road was a green beret and a blown up bike.  All smoking. Bits of rag. He got a direct hit with a mortar, this commando.  They landed with them folding bikes.  That was the first one I saw. I thought: Oh no. I didn’t want to know much, so me and my mate Tosh thought: Let’s fuck off and get out of it.  We shot up the road into a churchyard.  We sat there for a couple of hours.  Had a fag. Thought: Fuck it, what are we going to do now? We gradually worked our way up.

British soldiers moving on from Benouville Beach, D Day, 6 June, 1944.

As we were going up they came over and dropped another load of airborne troops.  The 6th Airborne went in first – the old Flying Horse Pegasus.  They called it Pegasus Bridge afterwards.

“Field ambulance vehicles evacuating 6th Airborne wounded across Benouville Bridge, towards the beaches.”   Note the Allied glider on the right.
Birmingham Evening Despatch front page, 6.30 pm edition, D Day, 6 June 1944.
“Late News” Birmingham Evening Despatch, D Day, 6 June, 1944.

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I was in the forward area all the time.  It was a three mile area, which wasn’t very nice because you was getting the short distance shells, and you went up with the infantry.

Some of the infantry wouldn’t move without us, and we wouldn’t move without the infantry – that’s how you used to argue.  It’s unbelievable.  If they had to go out on a night patrol and they came up against a minefield they’d send back for us. “Fuck you”, we’d say, “We’re not going up there to get shot” – and you’re standing there arguing.  That’s how the army was running.  The officers would sort it out. A sapper in the RE’s was equal to an infantry lieutenant.  When the poor infantry used to quake in their shoes at a lieutenant, we used to tell them to fuck off.

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London Daily Mirror, 7 June 1944.

After a couple of days at D Day the next wave landed and they went up to take over from our division, but they ran into a counter-attack.   They got there but got knocked back again.  They got knocked back to where we were, on the Bénouville Bridge, River Orme, it was. We was stuck there. Our division, our infantry, had to hold on where they were. It was six weeks before we got a break, we got a rest. Our objective was Caen. First thing we had to do was to lay 2000 mines, right across our area. This was all night work.  Couldn’t do it by day – they’d see you.

When we did move forwards, you had no time that was your own.  You lived from day to night, day to night.  Working and sleeping, working and sleeping. Sleeping in holes. I’d be sleeping in my hole and a Corporal or one of your mates would say “Come on Spot, we’ve got a job to do”.  They called me “Spot” from the poem, because my name was Thorpe: “Under the Thorpe, There’s a little Town, Half a Hundred Bridges” – Tennyson’s Brook.

They’d say, we’ve got a job to do, a minefield to lay.  You’d go back and get your boxes of mines on your lorry – take them as near as you could, then you’d hump them across the fields in the middle of the night.  But the thing was, months afterwards, when everyone had moved forwards, you was the only who had a map of the mines, so you had to leave the forward area to come back and clear your minefields. We lost one!

I was a nervous wreck on mine clearing.  You had to keep your wits about you. We didn’t use the mine detector for the simple reason that they were useless.  For the simple reason, once you put those earphones on you couldn’t hear the shells, so we slung them around our necks.  They was cumbersome too, they was big. They issued us with a three foot long steel knitting needle. That’s what we had.  Probes they called them.  With an ordinary mine you wouldn’t set it off, wouldn’t be enough weight.  But they surrounded them with little shoe mines, little wooden box shoe mines. If you touched those – they was away. But you could, if you was clever, get your point in ’em and throw ’em up in the air, and they’d go off!  That’s how you got, how we all got. “Get out of the fucking way!”, and they’d sling them and bang, off they’d go.  They was catching quite a few with them. A half track or a small vehicle would pull up in a field, the bloke would jump out and step on one of these little shoe mines – Bang!  They was all losing ankles, and it used to split your bone up your shin.  They used to issue us with wellies! Wellington boots to stop ’em – wellington boots and a long bit of wire. When you found a standard mine, you didn’t know whether to lift it or to drag it.  To drag it you had a grappling hook and rope and you’d hook it on the handle and drag ’em.

Royal Engineer John Thorpe, centre, circa 1944.  Photo Estate of John Thorpe.

I didn’t get any leave until we was well in Germany, at the Dormund-Ems canal. We were supposed to put a bridge across there, but we was under fire from the other side. It was a rota system – getting leave – one at a time, two weeks. I got to see my wife and kiddies. A lot of blokes on active service was glad to get away from London when they were on leave, they couldn’t stand it, because they hadn’t experienced air-raids, being on army service, and they were getting the doodle-bugs in London.  They’d say “I don’t want to know this, I want to get back to my unit”.  Same as our infantry used to say to us, if they came back for a rest, they weren’t comfortable, they used to say “We don’t like it here.  We want to get back to the front. All we we got to face up there is rifle and machine gun bullets”, they used to say “Back here you get shells and mortars. Up there we can keep our head down, we can dodge them little bullets”.

You see some weird things in a war. Once you get involved in a war, I don’t care who you are, if you’re up in the forward area, where there’s any action, I say everyman turned into an animal.  The conversion was gradual. From the time you got there you started living like an animal, you got involved in casualties, in dead bodies and living in holes in the ground , or old bombed houses – you gradually changed, didn’t matter how timid, or what sort of person you was, you became an animal. When you first arrived at D day and you see a couple of bodies blown to bits , it turns you up, and you’re looking to see if you can do anything.  Three weeks later bodies are lying there, and you just walk past them. It’s a sensation I can’t explain.   After a couple of days you’re starting to get used to it.  Someone’s slinging shells at you and it goes Bang, Bang, and you’re diving in holes, it becomes a matter of – like a rabbit, you come out to feed and do something, Every time the noise starts you’re down your hole. I was the fastest one of the lot!

Royal Engineer John Thorpe, right.  In Germany, circa 1945.  Photo Estate of John Thorpe.

In memory of John Thorpe, workmate in 1973 at Plashet Park, East Ham, London. 

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Britain’s black-out, 7 June.  Source London Daily Mirror, 7 June 1944.

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John’s experiences are recorded in You, You & You! The People out of Step with World Two. London, 1981. Print copies are usually available on Abebooks and on Amazon.

The extended online version is at youyouandyourestored.wordpress.com

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Author petegraftonPosted on June 6, 2019September 16, 2019Categories Political & Social History, Second World War, Social HistoryTags 6th Airborne, Beachmasters D Day, Benouville Beach, Benouville Beach D Day, Benouville Bridge, Benouville Bridge D Day, Birmingham Evening Despatch 1944, D Day 1944 Sword Beach, Dortmund-Ems Canal 1945, Flying Horse Pegasus, Gosport D Day, London Daily Mirror June 1944, Pegasus Bridge Royal Engineers minelaying, Plashet Park East HamLeave a comment on Benouville Beach and Bridge, Tuesday, June 6, 1944: D Day.

Bertrand Russell “A Wild Beast in Philosopher’s Robes”

Bertrand Russell –  “A Wild Beast in Philosopher’s Robes”

Betrand Russell, 1951.  photo Alfred Eisenstaedt.

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In a weekend spanning the end of June and the beginning of July in Oxford 1951 the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell gave a talk as part of a British Foreign Office symposium on Communism at Jesus College. Speakers over that week-end also included Isaiah Berlin and the biologist and geneticist C.D. Darlington who was to talk on “Science in the Soviet Union”.

The context was the subjugation by the Russian Soviet Union of the people of eastern Germany, of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Albania and Rumania.  Meanwhile the Labour Government of the time had secretly committed millions to developing a British atomic bomb, the American’s were already working on the hydrogen bomb, whilst the Soviet Union exploded their first atomic bomb in 1949. In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea with the support of the Soviet Union and Communist China. Also attending that weekend was Robert Bruce Lockhart.

The former head of the wartime British Political Warfare Executive and liaison office to the Czechoslovak Government in Exile during the Second World War Robert Bruce Lockhart had already had an interesting past.

The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1939 – 1965, edited by Kenneth Young.  Macmillan, London, 1980.

Robert Bruce Lockhart’s Diaries, published in two volumes after his death, give an extraordinarily intimate insight into men and women who were prominent on the world stage from the time of the Russian Bolshevik Revolution through to the immediate post Second World War period. They include writers and dramatists – H.G.Welles, Arnold Bennett, Somerset Maugham, Noel Coward – politicians:  Lloyd George, Winston Churchill,  Ramsay Macdonald, Oswald Mosley, Nye Bevan, Anthony Eden, the Czech President Tomáš Masaryk, his son Jan Masaryk, Edward Beneš and Klement Gottwald; Bolshevik revolutionaries Lenin and Trotsky, Menshevik exile Kerensky, the newspaper proprietor Beaverbrook, owner of the Daily Express, (the largest selling daily in Britain in the 1930s), Kaiser Wilhelm II in Dutch exile, and many, many others.

He came to prominence when as a young man representing the British Government in revolutionary Bolshevik Russia he was arrested in September 1918 for allegedly being involved in an “Allied Plot” against the Bolshevik Government. His background was Scottish: Highlander and Lowlander and he had a love for many aspects of the Russian character, particularly their gypsy music and heavy drinking.  He was clear-sighted about the stupidity of allied intervention and allied support of the White Russians during the Civil War.

Memoirs of a British Agent, Penguin paperback edition, published 1950.  Title first published 1932 by Putnam, London.

Imprisoned in Moscow for a month he was released in an exchange deal involving Maxim Litvinov, the unofficial Bolshevik ambassador in London. He was politically insightful, occupying a centre ground. When asked by the British Foreign Office he usually gave startlingly (in hindsight) good summaries of the political situation in the Soviet Union and Central European countries, even though the Foreign Office rarely acted on them. Besides aspects of Russian culture he had a love of Czechs and the Czech nation. He somehow balanced his keen, clear, informed political insights and predictions and his prolific diary writing and work for the London Evening Standard in the 1930s with lunchtimes and evenings of heavy drinking, and was usually in debt. He wrote fourteen books, including a standard work on Scottish Whisky, Scotch, which is still in print. He also loved fly fishing, and wrote My Rod My Comfort.  He was sympathetic to the 1940s Scottish Covenant movement for devolution.

1934 film poster for British Agent, loosely based on Bruce Lockhart’s Memoirs of a British Agent. The film was directed by Michael Curtiz who was to make Casablanca in 1942, with Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman.

Actor Leslie Howard and Robert Bruce Lockhart, circa 1934.

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In his Diary for Sunday, 1 July, 1951, Robert Bruce Lockhart wrote:

“…. In the evening about 5.30 p.m. arrived Bertrand Russell by train from London and was taken to his room in Staircase No. XIII where John Richard Green, the historian and writer, and T.E.Lawrence, Jesus’s most famous alumnus, lived.

Jesus College, Oxford.

At 6 p.m I took the chair at his lecture on ‘Democracy’s Defence Against Communism’.  All members of the course had expected this to be the highlight and, indeed, I had led them to believe so.  The old gentlemen however was not at his brilliant best.  He had tried to do something that was not quite in his line; viz. to give a Foreign Office tour d’horizon.  He had, too, a script to which he referred occasionally. (Script is perhaps the wrong word; the document was, in fact, two pages of closely typed notes.)  Nearly always he had to make an awkward pause before he found his place.

The material was good enough.  He was violently, or shall I say strongly, anti-communist: insisted that on our side military strength and rearmament took precedence over all other matters including schemes of world government, etc.  He was quite confident that Communism could not and would not last and that things would change in Russian where he believed the regime was more deeply detested than we realised.   Made a strong case for anti-Russian sentiment in satellite countries. On our side he said we must do more for the underprivileged and backward races in the East which was fertile ground for communism.  We must abandon all imperialism and, above all, we must get rid of the colour bar.  He made a strong attack on the policy of the Malan (1) government in South Africa and expressed the hope that South Africa would leave the Commonwealth as soon as possible – the sooner the better, in fact!...(1. Dr.D.F.Malan (1874 – 1959) was Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, South Africa 1948 – 1954.  Footnote by Editor Kenneth Young.)

He was fairly, but not very, good in answering questions and was handicapped by the stupidity of some of the questioners, some of whom wanted to know how soon the changes which Russell expected in the U.S.S.R would take place and just what form world government would take and how soon it could be expected.  However he stood up fairly well to a long ordeal which began at 6 p.m. and with an hour’s break for dinner, lasted till 10 p.m.

I had two long talks with him alone, and then he was at his best, his eyes twinkling, his huge head resting rather heavily as it seemed on his lean, spare, lithe figure, and his smile lighting up his face.  When you ask what is a superior man, the answer is not a Churchill or a Beaverbrook but men like Bertie Russell, Thomas Masaryk and Charles Richet. (2. Charles Richet, French physiologist (1850 – 1935) and Nobel prizewinner. Footnote by editor Kenneth Young.)

Russell very human, had two sherries plus half a pint of beer at dinner, laughed heartily when I asked him what was the secret of his perennial youth. ‘Glands, I suppose, glands. But I hope I’ll live till ninety so that I can say all the wrong things.Shaw had a field day when he was ninety. Ascribed his great age to vegetarianism, teetotalism, non-smoking and goodness knows what other forms of self-discipline. I shall say that I have done everything that doctors think wrong: I’ve drunk, I’ve smoked (he is a great pipe-smoker), I’ve eaten what I liked and I’ve enjoyed myself in every way….’

…… He was also to my surprise anti-Labour – at least he predicted with great assurance that they would be heavily beaten at the next election and seemed to desire this defeat. (The Labour Government called a snap election later that year, in October.  They lost the election but were not heavily beaten.  They won more individual votes than the Conservative Party but lost parliamentary constituency seats to the Conservatives, who ended up with a majority of 20 seats. Footnote Pete Grafton).  Indeed, he wanted to make a bet with me there and then.  Told me with great glee how he had won a bet off Culbertson, the U.S. bridge expert who also considered himself an authority on foreign affairs. (3. Ely Culbertson (1891 – 1955) author and pacifist, who created the Culbertson System for bridge in 1930. Footnote by editor Kenneth Younger). Russell bet him early in 1941 that Japan would be in the war before the end of the year and that this would bring the U.S. in.  Russell had a narrow squeak – 7 December – but he won.

He was also very interesting on Darlington’s view on Lysenko.   (Bruce Lockhart had already written in his diary the previous day about the talk by Darlington: “Lysenko’s theory. Heredity is merely development. enviroment can change development. Therefore environment can change heredity.  In Darlington’s opinion Lysenko is a charlatan. His experiments have produced no results. The Russian scientists know this… Under Stalin no room for argument.. The Russian scientists who were prepared to argue have been ‘liquidated’. )  He told me that the whole theory of heredity and that character could be changed by environment (the Lysenko and Stalin theory) was started by Samuel Butler, in hatred of Darwin who he detested.  The theory was carried on by Bernard Shaw. (Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright and polemicist, who was an early admirer of the Italian fascist Mussolini, and then the Communist dictator Joseph Stalin. He was an advocate of  the cleansing of class enemies, amongst others, suggesting in 1934 a “humane killing gas”. Footnote by Pete Grafton.)

His saddest story was his loneliness after his return from his first visit (probably only visit) to Russia in 1921.  He disliked the Communist regime very much after he had seen it.  He was then very much to the Left himself, and his comment on his return from the Bolshevik paradise displeased very much his left-wing friends who had not seen Russia and therefore loved it.  As during the First World War he had been a pacifist, he not only lost his Cambridge fellowship but also his right-wing and indeed centre friends.  After his return from Russia he was, therefore, completely friendless.

Saddest thing of all was when I took him after our longish talk after the lecture to his rooms to go to bed.  I knew he had a weak bladder, because I had been forced to take him to the ‘loo’ both before and immediately after his lecture.  When I took him to the John Richard Green staircase, I found that his rooms were on the ground floor, that they had no running water and that the nearest ‘loo’ was three floors of steep stairs up, and then along a winding corridor which few young men could have found at night, let alone an octogenarian. (Russell was not in his 80s in June/July 1951, he was 79.  Footnote Pete Grafton).  He was in quite a fuss and suddenly looked old and tired and I felt sorry for him.  He wanted a chamber pot and, above all, a cup of tea first thing in the morning without which he said he was lost. I saw that there was a chamber pot for him and I was lucky enough to catch the head steward by knocking at the locked buttery door and arranged for a cup of tea to be sent to the old boy – tea without sugar or milk!

When I returned from my rounds to see if he was all right, I found him quite quiet, sitting in an easy chair, smoking his pipe and reading his book.  He was most grateful.

Later I ran into a member of the course who told me that the room he was occupying belonged to a Communist undergraduate, for the shelves were filled with copies of the Daily Worker and Communist books published by Lawrence and Wishart.

– from The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1939 – 1965, edited by Kenneth Young, Macmillan, London, 1980.

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George Orwell with his son Richard. London, early 1946.  photo Vernon Richards. Richards was a leading member of the editorial group of Freedom, the anarchist newspaper.

 

The Cotswold Sanatorium, Cranham, Glouceshire,  circa late 1940s/early 1950s

Two and a half years before Russel’s talk at Oxford the writer George Orwell was reading his Human Knowledge: It’s Scope and Limits, at the Cotswold Sanatorium in Gloucestershire. Often in poor health he had been diagnosed with tuberculosis at Hairmyers Hospital, East Kilbride in Lanarkshire, in December, 1947.  Despite this he was to write Ninety Eighty Four on Jura, in the Inner Hebrides during 1948.  His tuberculosis became worse and he had been helped to travel to the Cotswold Sanatorium by his friend Richard Rees, in January, 1949.  Richard Rees had encouraged Orwell’s writing since the early 1930s, and was to be his literary executor. Orwell was writing to him in early February, 1949.

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The Cotswold Sanatorium, Cranham, Glos.

4 February 1949

“…. I am reading B.Russell’s latest book, about human knowledge.  He quotes Shakespeare, ‘Doubt that the stars are fire, Doubt that the earth doth move’ (it goes on I think  ‘Doubt truth be a liar , But never doubt I love.’)  But he makes it ‘Doubt that the sun doth move’, and uses this as an instance of S’s ignorance. Is that right?  I had an idea it was ‘the earth’. But I haven’t got a Shakespeare here and I can’t even remember where the lines come from (must be one of his comedies I think).  I wish you’d verify this for me if you can remember where it comes.   I see by the way that the Russian press has just described B.R. as a wolf in a dinner-jacket and a wild beast in philosopher’s robes.”

  – Source: The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume 4, edited by Sonia Orwell, and Ian Angus.  The editors footnote that Russell was right, and that the quotation is from Hamlet.  

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It was be a further 38 years of Soviet Communist occupation before Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and East Germany had a freedom that West European countries took for granted. During that time the USSR, directly and then under the umbrella of the “Warsaw Pact” crushed,  usually with tanks, all demonstrations against Communist rule.  The USSR itself lasted until 1992.

East Germany 1953

In a scenario that even George Orwell hadn’t thought of for his Animal Farm, the Communist dictatorship of East Germany (DDR) demanded in 1953 that the already over-worked and undernourished workers increase production.

East German workers demonstrate for better living conditions, including more bread. Berlin, 16 June, 1953.

Russian tanks, Berlin, 17 June 1953.  Photo Associated Press

“Soviet tanks shot at protestors in Potsdam Square. ” Photo source allliance/akg images.

Poland 1956

Tanks in Poznan, Poland, June 1956.

Hungary 1956

Hungary, October 1956.

“Jack Esten was in Budapest when this Russian colonel drew his revolver and endeavoured to deprive him of his camera.”  Caption & source Photography Year Book 1958.  Photo Jack Esten.

Czechoslovakia 1968.

Protestor confronts Soviet tank, morning of 21 August, 1968, Main Square, Bratislava, Slovakia. photo Ladislav Bielik. The invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 was the largest invasion of a European country since Nazi Germany attacked Poland in September, 1939, which precipitated the Second World War.

Czechoslovakia, August, 1968.  photo Josef Koudelka

Poland, December, 1970.

Unidentified town, Polish Baltic Coast, either Szczecin, Gdansk, Gdynia or Elblag, December 1970.

Photo montage: Shipyard workers in Szczecin/”For wages of Communist Party Leaders to be no more than those of an average worker”.   source Polski Radio

Poland, 1980s.

Lenin shipyard, Gdansk, 1980.  Solidarity movement demonstration.

Queuing for toilet paper, possibly Lodz. On July 30, 1981 an estimated 30,000 – 40,000, mostly women and children demonstrated in Lodz with placards reading ‘We want to eat’, ‘Our Children have No Food’, ‘We have no strength to work.”

Poland: The Polish Communist dictatorship declares Martial Law, December 13, 1981.

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Bertrand Russell outlived George Bernard Shaw by 3 years, dying at the age of 97 in February 1970.  Robert Bruce Lockhart, curiously, died on the same month and the same year, February 1970 aged 82. George Orwell died from a burst TB lung on 21 January, 1950 at the age of 46. His novel Animal Farm was banned by the Soviet Communists from its 1945 publication until 1988. His Ninety Eighty Four was banned in the USSR from 1950 until 1990. It is not clear if any works of Bertrand Russell were also banned in the USSR.

At present, Marxist Communism still imprisons, in the name of “The People”, the populations of Vietnam, North Korea and China.

Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

People’s Republic of China.

Lone protestor versus the People’s Republic of China tanks, Tiananmen Square, Beijing, 1989.

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21st century:  London, May Day, members of the Communist Party of Great Britain – Marxist Leninist marching with a portrait of Soviet mass killer Joseph Stalin. 

 

21st century: London, May Day, 2019, British Labour Party Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell with banner of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Marxist mass killers Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong.

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Further reading:

George Orwell, The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, four volumes,  London 1968.

Robert Bruce Lockhart, The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1915 – 1938, London, 1973;  The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1939 – 1965, London, 1980.

John Wheeler-Bennett and Anthony Nicholls, The Semblance of Peace: The Political Settlement after the Second World War, London, 1972.

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Author petegraftonPosted on March 29, 2019May 5, 2019Categories Political & Social HistoryTags Animal Farm, Bertrand Russell, C.D.Darlington, Charles Richet, Cotswold Sanatorium Cranham, Czechoslovakia August 1968, East Germany June 1953, George Orwell, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits Betrand Russell, Hungary 1956, Jack Esten, Jesus College Oxford, Joseph Stalin, Lysenko, Ninety Eighty Four, Poland 1956, Poland 1970, Poland 1980 Gdansk Lenin shipyard, Robert Bruce Lockhart, The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, Thomas Masaryk, Vernon Richards anarchist1 Comment on Bertrand Russell “A Wild Beast in Philosopher’s Robes”

Christmas 1950 at British Woman

Christmas 1950 at British Woman

Rationing, Schiaparelli, Washboards & No Sex (by order of the Churches)

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Woman was the most successful ever British magazine for women. (1)   Edited by Glaswegian Mary Grieve – the first woman, bizarrely, to edit a women’s magazine (before then it was a mans’ job) – she was the editor from 1937 until 1962.  Under her tenure and direction the annual sales income of Woman reached £12 million by 1962. The magazine had continual problems with the established churches, particularly the Roman Catholic Church. She was born in Hyndland, Glasgow.

The dust jacket of her 1964 Gollanz published autobiography – Millions Made My Story – reads:

“During the last war, and specially during the post-war years when the British social revolution was being wrought, one of the principle signposts and the most popular mentor of the female population of the United Kingdom was Woman, the magazine that is now read by eleven million people each week, including, rather surprisingly, two and a half million men.”

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Mary Grieve’s letter to  readers, December 23, 1950.

Above, a variation of “Make Do and Mend” and below, post-war rationing still in place in 1950.  In 1945 Britain was near bankrupt at the end of the Second World War.  Bread, which was not rationed during the war was rationed by the Labour Government in the peacetime 1940s.  Unknown to the British public, the Labour Prime Minster Major Clement Atlee had secretly started the costly development of the British Atom Bomb, despite being opposed by his Chancellor of the Exchequer, Hugh Dalton, on the reasonable grounds that Britain could not afford it. Attlee pushed ahead anyway, excluding Dalton from an inner Cabinet group when the decision was secretly taken. By 1950 £100,000,000 had been spent on developing the British Bomb – in today’s value £3¼ billion.  One of the first things that Minister of Food and lapsed Marxist Stafford Cripps did in 1946 was to bring in bread rationing. A case of bombs before bread. Bread rationing stayed in place until 1948.   Sweets (‘confectionary”) rationing was ended in early 1953 by the Conservative government.

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Note the washboard in the Pacquins advertisement below, besides the cigarette.  Twin tub washing machines were, in the UK, still a few years away.  Washboards, boilers and mangles were how clothes were cleaned, and semi-dried in 1950.

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No  Sex

Mary Grieve, editor of Woman from 1937 – 1962, highlights in her Millions Made My Story, how careful the magazine had to be about mentioning birth control, and the powerful  institutional religious forces against it, and also against other areas of women’s sexual well-being. (On the whole, the same lack of information effected men too).  Evelyn Home received hundreds of letters a week, amongst which were a significant number touching on sexual health worries and  family planning, and she had to tread carefully  (as did Mary Grieve as editor) with what letters were used and how they were answered.

William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury, then head of the Church of England

The background to this was partly the social times when the magazine started (although the caution was still being exercised in 1963), but also very much the force of the established churches and obscenity laws. In 1942 the then Church of England Archbishop of Canterbury William Temple had been alarmed by an explanatory article on birth control in Everywoman, a sister Odhams magazine. Temple made representations to the owner of Odhams, Lord Southwood, who as a Labour Party member, Julius Elias, had been bumped up to a Lord, to sit on the Labour seats in the undemocratic House of Lords.  Lord Southwood sympathised with Temple’s views.  “While we must be up-to-date, and if anything in advance of the times,” Southwood reportedly said, “we must not be too much in advance… When the schools put this subject in their curriculum, it will then be time for us to deal with it in our paper.” (Quoted in Millions Made My Story.)  Mary Grieve went on to write, in 1962 (the book was published 1964)

“I don’t know how the schools have got on with the subject since then, but the women’s magazines, with other means of communication, have proceeded with caution. This may seem curious, because family planning has become an accepted factor in many marriages, and the Royal Commission on Population gave a clear recommendation that contraceptive advice should be included in the National Health Service.  One would think, therefore, that the women’s presses would feel free now, twenty years after the Everywoman incident, to be frank.”  Mary Grieve, Millions Made My Story.

The situation for Woman mentioning, even indirectly, “family planning” with their readership in Eire was forbidden by the Irish State, with it written into the 1937 constitution of the right of the Irish Roman Catholic Church to have a say in all areas of family life:  adoption, divorce, contraception, and the seemingly innocent area of introducing clinics for mothers and children (which they successfully opposed in 1951 on the grounds that such a scheme was “anti-family”).  Meanwhile, single mothers and their babies were put into the notorious Catholic run Mothers and Babies Homes. The opposition of the Irish Roman Catholic Church led to the resignation of Irish Minister of Health Dr. Nöel Browne, who had tried to introduce the scheme against a background, amongst other concerns, of the high infant deaths in the Irish Republic, 26,000 in 1950 for example.

“…. The reason for the continuing reticence about (family planning) is political. A minority religion here (the UK), the Roman Catholic, has such deeply held convictions against the use of contraceptives that it is hard to see any political party embracing with enthusiasm the cause of family planning by this method.

In Eire the subject is completely taboo.  Magazines risk, and have experienced, being banned from the country by ignoring the taboo… Woman’s sale in Eire is very small beer in relation to the total sale of three and a quarter million. But at no time in our fight did I find management willing to sacrifice this sale to keep up with the British Joneses…. We ran, as did other magazines, a special slip page for Eire free of comments or information which could offend.  Our human problems page, conducted by Evelyn Home, was our chief source of danger.  This is the page that is remade every week for Ireland” – Mary Grieve, Millions Made My Story, 1964.

The British Labour Party has had a close relationship with the Roman Catholic hierarchy on mainland Britain since before 1914, where in areas of high numbers of Roman Catholics with an Irish background they made concessions to get their vote. These included the pledge to build Roman Catholic schools.  In Glasgow the cry of the opposition to this was “No Popery on the rates”.   Besides Liverpool in England, in Scotland, Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, Lanarkshire, Glasgow, and parts of the Lothians were solid Labour areas because of these concessions and accommodation with the Roman Catholic Church, even were there were also protestant Labour voting Scots in  constituencies such as Monklands and Airdrie, and elsewhere. The joke in Scotland was that a prospective non Roman Catholic Labour candidate in some constituencies  couldn’t get selected unless he had an overnight conversion to Rome.

The Labour Party Roman Catholic voting electorate had a direct effect on the Labour Party’s attitude to family planning and sexual health. When the Catholic Church was suspicious with mooted ideas about such things Labour Prime Minister (and Presbyterian) Ramsay MacDonald as early as 1924 helped to “diffuse Catholic suspicions by appointing the Clydeside Catholic, John Wheatley, as Minister for Health in which capacity he maintained the ban on the provision of advice on birth control by local authority clinics” – Speak for Britain!: a New History of the Labour Party, Martin Pugh, 2010.

Below, the Evelyn Home page for Christmas, 1950, and beneath it, typical letters that were selected to print.

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Tampax tampon advertisement, Woman, December 23, 1950.

Tampons had been developed in America during the 1930s and were starting to be marketed in Europe in the post-war 1940s.  Prior to their introduction bulky sanitary towels were available, and continued to be available.  The Irish parliament under pressure and persuaded by the Irish Roman Catholic Church banned their sale in 1947 “lest they cause harm (or sexual pleasure) to women”.  The Irish Catholic Church opposition was led by Archbishop John Charles McQuaid, who was to lead the successful pressure on the Irish Government in 1951 over their intended introduction of Clinics for Mothers and Children.

Archbishop McQuaid and Irish President Eamon de Valera.  de Valera has been described as “a strong social, cultural and economic conservative“.

 

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N O T E S

Mary Grieve:  This writer can find no online photograph of Mary Grieve, nor is there any online encyclopedic entry about her.

Footnote

  1. In 2018 the best selling women’s weekly magazine in the UK is Take a Break, with nearly half a million print sales.

Copy of Woman magazine December 23, 1950, and cover of Millions Made My Story: Pete Grafton Collection.

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Author petegraftonPosted on December 14, 2018December 18, 2018Categories Political & Social HistoryTags "Woman" Christmas 150 edition, Archbishop John Charles McQuaid, Bristow's Shampoo ad, Chivers Jellies 1950 ad, Craven 'A' ad, Dreft soap flakes ad, Evelyn Home 1950, Farrows tinned vegetables ad, Harper Housewares ad, Lord Southwood, Lucozade 1950 ad, Mars Christmas Box 1950 ad, Mary Grieve editor of Woman magazine, Millions Made My Story Mary Grieve Victor Gollanz, Paquins hand cream ad, Tampax 1950 ad, Vedonis Knitwear ad, William Temple Archbishop of CanterburyLeave a comment on Christmas 1950 at British Woman

Bert Hardy: The Complete Photographer

Bert Hardy:  The Complete Photographer.

 

Photos by…?

Henri Cartier-Bresson…?
Edouard Boubat…?
Sniper fire, Paris, August 1944.   Photo: Robert Doisneau…?
Spain, 1950.   Photo: Eugene Smith…?
Nehru.   Photo: Margaret Bourke-White…?
Photo by Willy Ronis…?
Photo by Izis…?
Photo by Robert Capa…?
Photo by Robert Frank…?
Photo by David Douglas Duncan…?
Audrey Hepburn, 1956.  Photo by Bert Stern…?

Photos by Bert Hardy, all of them.

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All above photos are by British photographer Bert Hardy, 1913 – 1995.  He was almost to the year an exact contemporary of the marvellous French photographer Robert Doisneau, 1912 – 1994.  A Channel on You Tube with examples of Robert Doisneau’s work has, at the time of writing, attracted 40,699 views.  A Channel on You Tube with examples of Bert Hardy’s photos, posted in 2016, has attracted 111 views at the time of writing.

At present – October 2018 – there are over twenty books listed on Amazon UK of collections of  photographs by Robert Doisneau.  There is just one book currently in print that features some of Bert Hardy’s work Bert Hardy’s Britain available from Amazon UK.  In fact, Bert Hardy’s Britain, published in 2013,  is the only book in print available anywhere in the world, that features Bert’s photographs.

STOP PRESS October 19, 2018.  Bert Hardy not listed on the Wikipedia entry for the ground-breaking The Family of Man exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1955.  He had three photos in the exhibition.  See story further down.

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Baby Bert, Bert Hardy summer 1913, Priory Buildings, Blackfriars, London.  “My Mum with myself at a few months old“. Source Bert Hardy: My Life, London 1985.

Bert Hardy was born in May, 1913 a year and one month after Robert Doisneau.  Robert’s Dad died when he was four, and his mother died when he was seven.  He was brought up by an unloving aunt in the working class district of Gentilly, just the other side of the Paris city boundary.  Bert was the first of seven children that his Mum and Dad had, and the family lived in one room with a scullery in Priory Buildings, Blackfriars, London, a stone’s throw from the Elephant & Castle district on the south side of the Thames.

Leaving school  at the age of thirteen in 1926  he got a job at a place called the Central Photo Service, by chance rather than design.  His aunt had seen a “Lad Wanted” sign when she was charring (cleaning) in the London Strand area.  It turned out his job was to help a young Scottish girl develop and print rolls of film that he was to collect from some Chemists in central London.  He and her were the  total staff, the owner being elsewhere in the building.

” (Re. the chemists) I went round twice a day, walking or jumping on the back of carts to save my bus fares.  In between rounds, the Scottish girl taught me how to develop and print, and also some other interesting activities you can get up to in a darkroom. I was a quick learner.”

He goes on  to describe the primitive set-up and equipment in the darkroom, and then describes the photos that he and the Scottish girl processed.

“Apart from the usual ‘happy snaps’, an astonishing number of people sent in naughty pictures.  There were one or two chemists in Soho from whom we expected that sort of thing: pictures of prostitutes for their clients, and we adjusted our rates accordingly.  But there was a chemist’s at the top of Northumberland Avenue from which we quite regularly collected films sent in by a famous surgeon.

The surgeon’s pictures were always beautifully taken on a quarter-plate camera on roll film, six pictures in a roll.  All the pictures were of popsies: beautiful creatures with nothing on doing the most terrible things, but always wearing marvellous hats.  And the last picture on each roll of the film was always of the surgeon himself: a stout gentleman with no clothes on, and the tiniest little withered thing between his legs.

I don’t suppose he appreciated what an opportunity for blackmail he gave.  Instead, we charged him double and printed up copies for ourselves.”

Working in the darkroom rubbed off on him and he bought in a pawn shop what he described as an old second hand plate camera – which would make it a turn of the century item.  The first photograph he made money from, selling to friends and others, was taken of King George V and Queen Mary, resting the camera on the head of one his sister’s to steady it.

King George V and Queen Mary, Blackfriars Road, London.   Photo by a teenage Bert Hardy.

He also photographed his family.

“One of my earliest photos taken with flash powder. Bath time at the Priory Buildings”.  Photo by a teenage Bert Hardy.

As his self-taught photo skills developed so did his passion  for competitive cycle racing.  He began to sell photos to  The Bicycle for a good rate.

Photo by Bert Hardy mid to late 1930s.  Sold to The Bicycle.

Bert left the Central Photo Service in 1939 and started working for a professional photo agency that supplied photos to the national daily press.  His camera skills and his eye for a photo story got noticed and he joined the top British photo news weekly Picture Post on 3 March 1940.

The Picture Post cover on the week Bert Hardy joined the magazine.  Picture Post, March 9, 1940 from the Pete Grafton Collection.

Bert was straight away involved in covering stories connected to the Second World War from the British perspective, getting front page coverage.

Mono reproduction of Bert Hardy cover for A Trawler in War-Time, Picture Post March 21, 1942.   From Bert Hardy: My Story, London 1985.
Bert Hardy photo aboard a trawler in heavy seas, Picture Post March 21, 1942.  From Bert Hardy: My Life, London, 1985.

Whilst he was working for Picture Post he received his call-up papers in 1943 (war service in the armed services).  His editor Tom Hopkinson tried to get him deferred, arguing that he was valuable as a war photographer with Picture Post.  No luck. He had to go in the army and was assigned to the Photo Unit, and had the indignity of being taught as a beginner, and was issued with a sub-standard camera for war work.

Somehow during his time in the army he managed to supply photos to Picture Post.  At that time British press and news magazine photographers did not get a credit byline next to their work, so his photos being anonymous, he could get away with it  In France post-D Day, and still with the army, photographer George Silk of Life and Robert Capa were working as war correspondents.

“I met up with them.  They both knew me and told me they liked my work.  They stayed in some luxury at the billet obtained by the canny officer in charge of public relations, who was very talented at that sort of thing: but when they invited me to come and have a drink with them, I wasn’t allowed to – the Mess was for commissioned officers and war correspondents only.”

Carl Mydans and left, George Silk.  Life magazine war correspondnets. Photo source: Getty, with grateful acknowledgement.
Robert Capa, war correspondent.  Photo: unknown source.
Bert Hardy in jeep with Wehrmacht prisoners on the bonnet. The prisoners are possibly there to deter enemy snipers or an ambush. Photographer unknown. From Bert Hardy: My Life, London 1985.
“My first frightening encounter with the enemy came when we were heavily mortared. I came closer to death, however, when I nearly detonated a land mine in my efforts to seek cover.”  Photo Bert Hardy.  From Bert Hardy: My Life, London, 1985.   Robert Capa was to die stepping on a landmine in French Indo-China (Vietnam) in 1954.

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“…when we came in sight of Notre Dame, there was a sudden flurry in the crowds of people. It took me a little time to understand what was happening: there were German snipers firing…”   Photo Bert Hardy. From Bert Hardy: My Life, London, 1985.

Bert saw and photographed atrocities by German forces on Belgium civilians; went in on the first crossings of the Rhine, was at Belsen at the time of its liberation and concluded his time with the army in Europe by taking a photos of the Soviet Marshall Zhukov with Generals Eisenhower and Montgomery near Frankfurt.  Although in May, 1945  the war was over in Europe, he was still in the army. He was a sergeant.

He was next posted to the Far East, where he continued taking photographs, including the hanging of Japanese war criminals.  It wasn’t until 8 September 1946 that, still a soldier, he arrived back in Liverpool on the troopship Monarch of Bermuda.  He then had to travel through the night to Number 77,  Military Demobilisation Unit, Guildford, where a £2 ‘mess fee’ was extracted from him.  (At the time, about a third to a half of an unskilled workers weekly wage.)   As he wrote “By nine o’ clock that morning,  fleeced, I was a citizen again, plain Bert Hardy”.

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A few days back in England and Bert got in touch with Tom Hopkinson, the editor of Picture Post, who immediately offered Bert his job back at Picture Post, at £1000 a year.  Bert said he wasn’t sure, as the price offered might not cover his expenses.  A few days later Tom came back with an offer of £1,500 a year. “It was an offer I couldn’t refuse.. It was good to be back at work for Picture Post at a period when the paper was at its greatest”.

Within a month of working on photo stories in England, Tom Hopkinson sent him out East again, this time working for Picture Post and an assignment in India, covering the opening of the Indian Constituent Assembly after independence from Britain. He and a journalist were granted an interview with the new Prime Minister Jawaharial Nehru.

“Nehru was a fine man for whom I had a tremendous respect, but people’s characters only emerge in their actions, or in certain facial expressions… (as the journalist was talking to Nehru) I was shooting away quietly when Nehru absently-mindedly picked up a rose from the bowl of his desk and sniffed it.  I took the picture instantly, it was what I wanted.”

Monochrome reproduction of Picture Post Cover, February 8, 1947, featuring Bert Hardy’s portrait of India’s first prime minister, Jawaharial Nehru.

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In the post-war 1940s and into the 1950s Bert covered everything, to racial tensions in London’s Notting Gate, emerging star Audrey Hepburn, Cardiff’s  Tiger Bay area, downtown Liverpool, Tito and his wife in Yugoslavia, the village life and grape harvest in a French village….   He loved working with available light – he was a genius with it and with his darkroom experience he knew how to get the best out of a difficult negative.

Chinese cafe, Liverpool.   Photo: Bert Hardy.
Couple in a basement room, from the Picture Post story on the Elephant & Castle area, London, late 1948.  Photo Bert Hardy.

The photo of the loving couple with the light streaming in, in the Elephant & Castle area of London is one of this writers favourite Bert Hardy photos, and has been for many years. However, reading Bert’s own story about it, in Bert Hardy: My Life, it’s not quite as it seems.  Working on the Elephant & Castle story Bert was only a stone’s throw from where he was brought up in Blackfriars.  Wandering around with his camera a woman shouted out “‘Ow about taking a picture of me love?”  Looking at some run-down buildings he asked her what they were like round the back.  “Bleedin’ awful.  Come and see for yourself.”

“Following her down a narrow passageway to a tiny yard about ten feet square… I saw, through a window, a young couple half-lying on a sofa just inside.  I asked “What’s it like inside?”  She said, “Come and have a look”.

I went inside and asked if I could take a few pictures.  They seemed totally unconcerned.  When I set up my camera and tripod, they watched me blankly, without moving.  In the end we discovered the reason: the girl was a prostitute and the man was a Canadian who had been released from prison the day before; they had spent a hard night in bed celebrating his release.”

It turned out that his guide Maisie, who had told Bert to take her picture, was also a prostitute, and she was a great help to Bert and A.L.Lloyd, the Picture Post journalist, whilst working on the story.

The two of them had just returned from doing a feature for Picture Post on the Gorbals slum tenements in Glasgow.  One of the photos that Bert took, and is well known for, was also his favourite picture.

Gorbals boys, 1948.  Photo Bert Hardy. “My favourite picture: this reminds me of what I was like when I was a kid.  In this story I concentrated on the children, and how they kept their spirits up in conditions which were often dreadful.”  From Bert Hardy: My Story, London 1985.

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The Pool of London

Just over a year later in December, 1949 he and journalist Robert Kee did a story on the Pool of London. It is reproduced here, from the Pete Grafton Collection, as a representative example of Bert’s work.  Picture Post, 3 December, 1949.

Some weeks before the Pool of London story was run by Picture Post its writer Robert Kee had been a Witness at the marriage of George Orwell to Sonia Bronwell in the University College Hospital, London, on October 13, 1949.  Orwell was being treated for his damaged TB lungs.  Orwell was too weak to stand and sat up in his hospital bed for the ceremony.  His novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (June, 1949) had highlighted the dangers of totalitarian communism and totalitarian societies dominated by cult personalities, such as Stalin. The post-war 1945 period in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China alarmed him.  He died in hospital from a burst lung in January, 1950, aged forty-six.

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Korea, 1950

In August, 1950 Bert Hardy was again sent to the East, this time Korea, with journalist James Cameron.

Inchon landing, Korea, September 1950.  “All hell was going on around us when I photographed the actual landing, but my chief worry was to get my pictures before the last light went.”  Bert Hardy, from Bert Hardy: My Life, London 1985.

Communist North Korea, backed by the Soviet Union and communist China, had invaded South Korea on 25 June, 1950.  The United Nation condemned the invasion and sent UN forces to repel the invaders.  The UN troops were not effective at containing the invading communists until UN forces landing at Inchon in September, 1950.  Bert Hardy and James Cameron covered the landings.

 Bert Hardy in Korea, 1950. Unknown photographer. Copyright, with acknowledgment, Getty.

Political Prisoners

Whilst doing follow up stories in Korea they came across brutal treatment of prisoners taken by South Korean Forces, which Bert said reminded him of some of the scenes he had seen in German at Belsen in 1945.  Making enquiries he and James Cameron were told the prisoners were not North Koreans, but political prisoners, people suspected of having ‘the wrong views’.  “We wondered how young boys of fourteen could possible be ‘political’ prisoners…… At intervals a batch of them would be separated from the rest and herded into the back of a lorry which then drove off.  Our impression was that they were being taken off to be shot.  We were appalled, and decided that we must try and to do something about it. We went to the United Nations Office, and they didn’t want to know.”

They went to the Red Cross who referred them back to the United Nations Office, who said what their allies the South Koreans did was not their concern.  “Jimmy Cameron and I were horrified by what we saw, and checked very carefully before sending back our story.  We knew it would cause trouble, but not that it would also change Picture Post for ever…”

Bound UN political prisoners, Korea, 1950.    Photo by Bert Hardy, from Terror in Korea: We appeal to U.N.  Text James Cameron, photos Bert Hardy.  Supressed by Picture Post owner Edward Hulton.

Their time in Korea over, they returned to London.

“When we reached London we found that Tom (Hopkinson, Picture Post editor) had been holding over our story on the North Korean political prisoners until we returned, just to make sure that everything about the story was quite right, and that we hadn’t distorted or missed out anything.  In fact the story about the incident had already appeared in The Times, but Tom was still worried. The combination of Jimmy’s writing and my pictures would really bring what was going on home to people.  Because of its implied criticism of the United Nations, it was bound to create controversy.  Tom was concerned because Edward Hulton, the proprietor, was known to dislike controversy.  He wanted to be absolutely sure about the story before he printed it.”

Bert and A.L.Lloyd (Bert Lloyd) meanwhile were assigned to do a topical piece on the annual British Bonfire Night.

“Bert Lloyd (A.L.Lloyd) and I were wandering around London looking for the best Guy Fawkes we could find… when we heard that Hulton had personally ordered the presses to be stopped at Sun Engraving in Watford, and the issue of Picture Post to be made up again without the story of the political prisoners.

Bert Hardy:  “The layout for the story that was never published, for which Tom Hopkinson was sacked.”    From Bert Hardy: My Life, Godron Fraser, London, 1985.

… There was talk of mass resignations if this sort of interference in editorial policy happened again…..  Tom was sacked for refusing to comply with Hulton’s request… In spite of all the talk of mass resignation, most of the others stayed put.  By sacking Tom, Hulton was forced to make him a payment.  But anyone who resigned would not get anything except the salary they were owed.  Even for Jimmy and me, who had done the story, resignation was not a luxury we could afford.  Tom called a meeting and advised us all to stay on.  For the photographers particularly there were no other magazines to compare with Picture Post as outlets for their work….  Looking back on it, it seems quite clear that without Tom’s social commitment, Picture Post lost its edge and its popularity. Contrary to the opinion still held in Fleet Street, people aren’t only interested in pictures of pretty girls when they buy magazines.”

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Bert continued to work for Picture Post until it went out of business in 1957, and continued to be the Complete Photographer that he was.

Journalist Katherine Whitehorn, Hyde Park, London, 1956.  Photo Bert Hardy.
Sunday morning on the Champs Elysees, Paris.   Photo Bert Hardy.

In a Picture Post feature he took several photos with a cheap box camera, to show that it was possible to take a good photo without needing an expensive camera.  From this feature a photo of two chorus girls on the seafront railings at Blackpool became a well known Bert Hardy photo.

Chorus girls on the front at Blackpool.  Photo Bert Hardy.  Taken on amatuer Box Brownie camera.
Kodak Box Brownie, similar to the one Bert Hardy used on the Blackpool photo. A basic camera but one that had extras such as a push-on close up lens and a yellow filter to bring out the depth of a blue sky and increase contrast.

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STOP PRESS October 19, 2018.  Wikipedia wipes out Bert Hardy at the ground-breaking Family of Man photo exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1955, curated by Edward Steichen. 

Family of Man exhibition book, New York, 1955.

Bert Hardy full page in the Family of Man exhibition book, p.124, New York, 1955.
Bert Hardy, Elephant & Castle couple , with other selected photos, p.131 Family of Man exhibition book, New York, 1955.

“…Most photographers were represented by a single picture, some had several included; Robert Doisneau…” Wikipedia entry on the Family of Man Exhibition, on-screen shot October 19, 2108.  Bert Hardy had three photographs selected.
“The following lists all participating photographers. (see original 1955 MoMA checklist)” – online Wikipedia detail from their Family of Man item. Bert Hardy is not on this Wikipedia list, but is on the MoMA list.

The MoMA online site, under the Family of Man entry lists the three selected Bert Hardy as follows:

Family of Man MoMA Checklist

  1. Section 25, Relationships. No. 300, England, Bert Hardy.
  2. Section 26, Learning, No. 343, Burma, Bert Hardy.
  3. Section 28, Religious Expression, No. 368, Burma, Bert Hardy.

The writer hopes to correct the omission of Bert Hardy from the Wikipedia entry on the Family of Man photo exhibition, New York, 1955, shortly.

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Life after Picture Post

When Picture Post folded in 1957 Bert worked freelance for Odhams Press, and found that he was earning more money. Then he had a spell working for the Daily Express as their Paris photographer, and then he branched out very successfully into advertising.

“Advertising jobs began to flood in: when I arrived on the scene advertising photography tended to be rather formal.  I introduced the 35mm camera and the inventive story-telling approach which had been so popular in Picture Post, to give a fresher, more candid look.”

One of his images, that he created, was for the 1959 promotion of a new WD & HO Wills cigarette, Strand.

“At about midnight we were on the Albert Bridge, with some final shots of the model leaning against the parapet. Terry (his younger son) was holding a strong torch to get just enough light on the man’s face to make it look like a lamp-light.”   Bert Hardy from Bert Hardy: My Life.
“The Strand picture above was the first 35 mm photograph to be made into a 48-sheet poster” – Bert Hardy from  Bert Hardy: My Life.
Michael Caine as Alfie walks across a night-time Waterloo Bridge, Alfie, 1966.

It was a strong image, the lone man, never alone with a Strand. People of that generation remember it, even though they didn’t take up the cigarette, which bombed. No smoker of that era wanted to be seen as a lonely person.  Perhaps an aspect of the image subliminally entered director Lewis Gilbert’s head when he did one of the final shots in Alfie (1966): Michael Caine alone on the Waterloo Bridge, apart from a dog that befriends him.  And  crossing the Thames, on the Waterloo Bridge and heading down Waterloo Road he would have come to the Elephant & Castle where he grew up, in poverty, like Bert Hardy.  And like Bert’s aunt, Michael Caine’s Mum was also a char (cleaner).  And like Bert Hardy he was in Korea, two years later in 1952, in the infantry, a conscript on the front line.

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Bert Hardy earned a tremendous amount doing advertising photographic work, but he wrote that it was no substitute for working for Picture Post. In 1964 he and Sheila, his second wife, bought a farm, and he slowly eased himself out of the very lucrative advertising and promotional photography to retire and run the farm.

Bert Hardy ploughing at his farm. Photo Uncredited. The first time he got on a tractor at his new farm he wrote  “I tried my hand at chain harrowing. It was the first time I had driven a tractor since the War when I was doing a story of Land Girls for Picture Post.” From Bert Hardy: My Story.

Retired, he still took the occasional snap, for his own pleasure.

“My two grand-daughters taken in 1978, in the lane leading to my house.”  From Bert Hardy: My Life.

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At the time of writing, October, 2018, there is only one book of Bert Hardy photos currently in print: Bert Hardy’s Britain, Bluecoat Press, UK. £19.98.

Bert Hardy’s Britain, Bluecoat Press, UK.

There are two cautionary reviews of the book on Amazon.co.uk

“One of the UK’ s best known photographers and from Blackfriars in South London.  As with some photographic books the design and more importantly the layout and repro are poor. The repro of the pictures is poor quality and why designers ever split a picture over two pages I will never know, it kills the original image!
As for the pictures, some are a bit of a mish mash and seem to be added to pad out the book. I don’t think even Bert would be happy with this.”

“This is a laudable effort, but it falls short in limiting the pictures to Britain, unfortunately leaving out some of his best work….

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There are two out of print books of Bert Hardy’s photos available second hand.  They compliment each other. Bert Hardy: My Life is his story in his own words, and it’s an extraordinary and fascinating story.  It is full of his photos, often with details of how he took the photo.  At the back of the book he also lists his favourite cameras and the one he had no time for when issued it by the British Army.  The average price second-hand on ebay.co.uk is £24.  It runs to 192 pages.  Beware of sellers who are either not very bright, or are “at it”, who when listing it describe it as signed by Bert Hardy.  There is such a one listed October, 2018 on ebay.co.uk with an asking price of £155.  All editions have a printed Bert Hardy signature on the front page.

The second out of print book of Bert Hardy photos is from the Gordon Fraser Photographic Monographs series No.5: Bert Hardy, London 1975.  It runs to 72 pages and the reproductions are not always up to the standard that we expect in photographic monographs published in the present decade.  A reasonable price to pay on ebay.co.uk is £44 – £45.

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Bert Hardy  1913 – 1995.

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All Bert Hardy photos copyright either Getty or the Estate of Bert Hardy.  With grateful acknowledge to both copyright holders.  All other material: The Pete Grafton Collection.

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Author petegraftonPosted on October 17, 2018March 11, 2022Categories Photography, Political & Social HistoryTags A.L.Lloyd, Alfie 1966, Audrey Hepburn, Bert Hardy's Britain, Bert Hardy:My Life, Bert Stern, Chinese cafe Liverpool, David Douglas Duncan, Edouard Boubat, Edward Hulton, Elephant and Castle, Eugene Smith, George Orwell, George Silk, Gorbals Boys, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Izis, James Cameron, Jawaharial Nehru, Katherine Whitehorn in Hyde Park, Margaret Bourke-White, Michael Caine Waterloo Bridge, Never alone with a Strand, Picture Post, Pool of London, Priory Buildings Blackfriars, Robert Capa, Robert Doisneau, Robert Frank, Robert Kee, Strand cigarettes, The Bicycle magazine, Tom Hopkinson, UN political prisoners Korea 1950, Willy Ronis, Women in War Ellen Wilkinson9 Comments on Bert Hardy: The Complete Photographer

Au Revoir, Monsieur Hulot

Au Revoir, Monsieur Hulot

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Jacques Tati

Unlike Jacques Tati, not all the European film comedy stars of the 1950s and early 1960s crossed boundaries as easily as he did.

Fernandel

Totò

Norman Wisdom

France’s Fernandel had a following in Italy, and Italy’s Totò had a following in France (the two made a film together The Law is the Law in 1958).   Whilst Norman Wisdom’s star has faded in Britain, he is still loved in Albania, and his films dubbbed into Hindi are popular on the internet.   But it was Jacques Tati who really crossed national boundaries, and still does in the 21st century.

Jacques Tati directing M.Hulot’s Holiday (1953).

In particular it his first two films Jour de Fête (1949) and Monsieur Hulot’s Holiday (1953) that strike a continuing – possibly nostalgic – cord.

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Michelin France Grandes routes, 1973 edition. With grateful acknowledgement to Michelin.

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Jour de Fête (1949)

The Old Lady and her goat in the Place du Marche, Jour de Fete.  The film was shot in Sainte Sévère in the Indre department in central France.

Sainte Sévère, central France, location of Jour de Fete. Grateful acknowledgement to Michelin.

 Saint Sévère, location of Jour de Fete.  Grateful acknowledgement to Michelin.

Jacques Tati and the camera crew setting up, Sainte Sévère, 1949.

Showing in the cinema tent the modern methods of La Post en Amerique.

Outside the village bar, Jour de Fete.

Jacques Tati and camera crew at Sainte Sévère.   Jour de Fete, 1949.

The Fair tractor enters the village square along with excited village children.  Jour de Fete 1949.

The Pole, Jour de Fete.

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Pour La Poste

Sainte Sévère postcard, circa 1930s. “Vue prise de la Route de Boussac”

Sainte Sévère and to the south south east, Boussac on the N 717.  Grateful acknowledgement to Michelin.

Sainte Sévère postcard, circa 1940s.

Sainte Sévère postcard, circa 1970s.

Sainte Sévère postcard, circa 1990s.

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Et Maintenant?

Despite a declining population –  (1946: 1,135; 2009 (last published figure) 851) – Sainte Sévère still has a post office.  The bar in the market square has gone, but there is a restaurant elsewhere in the village that seems to be popular with passing through tourists. Sainte Sévère also has a filling station, a ladies hairdressers, a boulangerie, a butchers and a school. It also now has a little museum dedicated to Jour de Fête and Jacques Tati.

La Poste, Sainte Sévère. Google street view, 2013.  Acknowledgement Google

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Monsieur Hulot’s Holiday (1953)

Les Vacances de Monsieur Hulot 

Jacques Tati lining up a shot on location in Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, location of Monsieur Hulot’s Holiday.

Location of Saint-Marc-sur-Mer.  1973 Michelin map.  Grateful acknowledgement Michelin.

Nathalie Pascaud with clapperboard, Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, on location for Monsieur Hulot’s Holiday.

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Carte Postale

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer postcard, 1954.

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, 1920.

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, 1930s. Note “X” on the hotel, and middle top window.

Greetings from the occupant of the middle upstairs hotel room of the Hotel de la Plage. 1930s.

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, pre-1914.

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, also pre-1914.

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, circa 1950s.

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, 1956.

Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, early 1950s.

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Et Maintenant?

The Hotel de la Plage is now the Best Western Hotel de la Plage.  The rooms have flat screen TVs, free Wi-Fi and there is a business lounge.  The restaurant is now called La Plage M.Hulot.

Positive views amongst UK visitors to the Best Western Hotel de la Plage recorded on the hotel site include

– Could hear the waves as we lay in bed at night

-Location is excellent, right on the beach.

-Architecturally interesting in that the original character has mostly been preserved.

Average 3 star ratings reviewers on Trip Advisor complained that there was no aircon, that there was no hot breakfast, that you couldn’t get a beer at 5 pm, that the exterior needed a paint, that the room was cramped and small, and that the place needed a modern eye to overhaul it.

Eh bien…

Au Revoir, Monsieur Hulot.

Jacques Tati’s grave in Saint-German-en-Laye, near Paris. Sophie was his second daughter. Jacques Tati’s full name was Jacques Tatischeff.  Photo, with grateful acknowledgement, Daniel Timothy, 2008.  Source findagrave.com

Saint-German-en-Laye postcard, posted in 1911. The then modern French aeroplane has been added in the publishers photographic darkroom. Many French postcards of this time had planes added by postcard publishers to empty skies. Jacques Tati was 4 years old when this card was posted in his town.

Jacques Tati 1907 – 1982.

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Author petegraftonPosted on August 21, 2018August 22, 2018Categories Political & Social History, PostcardsTags Best Western Hotel de la Plage Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, Daniel Timothy, Fernandel, Find a Grave, Jaques Tati, Jour de Fete, Monsieur Hulot's Holiday, Nathalie Pascaud, Norman Wisdom, Saint Severe, Saint Severe postcard, Saint-German-en-Laye, Saint-Marc-sur-Mer, Saint-Marc-sur-Mer postcard, Toto1 Comment on Au Revoir, Monsieur Hulot

“A4, Wanker, Times”: Sex Under Cover

“A 4, Wanker, Times.”:  Sex Under Cover.

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Windmill Theatre, London, 1950s.   Gents being serenaded on a G string as they queue to see the Revudeville show. Note the raincoats.  Photo source Daily Express

The first job in a theatre that the actor Kenneth More had was in the Windmill Theatre in London.   It was the 1930s and he started there as an Assistant Stage Manager.  The Windmill was unusual for a London (and British) theatre in that it had women in its revue shows who revealed their bosoms.  This was not the Folies Bergère of Paris, or the pre-1933 Berlin revues that had moving women – the Windmill’s theatrical licence strictly depended on the showgirls not moving.  They were rigid on the stage in tableaux set pieces.

Part of Kenneth More’s job as the Assistant Stage Manager was to spot where potential trouble-makers were sitting.  They would try by various means  – sneezing loudly, for example – to make one of the semi-naked showgirls move, thus causing their breasts to move.  This would cause a ripple of pleasure in the all male audience.  Whilst many rippled in pleasure, other’s were self-pleasuring.

“We had a little peephole covered by a small piece of dark velvet.  I would lift this velvet and look into the auditorium without anyone in the audience knowing I was doing so…  Middle-aged men, usually wearing raincoats, would place the Evening News and The Times on their laps…  and do the same thing when the tableaux was in progress… This sort of behaviour could be embarrassing to other members of the audience, and also might result in our licence being revoked if anyone complained to the police about it.

I was told to keep a lookout for these undesirable activities and I had a simple code with the front office when I spotted anything.  I would pick up the house telephone and say: ‘A4, Wanker, Times. C17, Daily Mail.’

The commissionaire would then stride down the aisle to Seat A4, and then to C17, tap the man on the shoulder, and say, ‘The manager wishes to see you in his office.’

The commissionaire, an old soldier, was under strict instructions not to say ‘Stop wanking’, or some other more forthright comment, in case there had been a misunderstanding, or the client denied the charge.  His defence could be, ‘I was just scratching myself’ but always the men concerned realised that they had been rumbled, buttoned up their flies and left quietly.”

– More or Less, Kenneth More,  Hodder & Stoughton, 1978.

Kenneth More, publicity photo for Genevieve, 1953, wearing anti-self-pleasuring gloves. It could be worse, they could be boxing gloves.

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UK Sex Under Cover: 1950s and the early 1960s.

Obscenity Laws governed the display or mention of sex in Britain, whether on stage or in print or on film, and had done so since the 1857 Obscene Publications Act.  Criminal obscenity was defined as “tending to deprave and corrupt”. Even in the early 1960s Customs & Excise could take off a returning visitor from the continent a pin up magazine bought at a French, German or Danish newsagents if it showed pubic hair.   (Most likely the blokes at Customs & Excise were removing the magazine to prevent moral corruption so that they could have a good gander at the contents. And with a cough –  “Ahem” – retire to the staff toilet for a quick one.)

One area of erotic interest for gents was the underwear garments section in the Littlewood’s and other Mail Order catalogues, which by the mid 1960s were reproduced in glorious colour.  The section on outsize bras and the women modelling them was a well visited page.  Incidentally, this mail order catalogue viewing activity was not confined to UK males starved of tit-illating viewing. There were outposts on the Continent as late as 2001.

Lucien (played by Jamel Debbouze), assistant to Collignon the greengrocer, and “Lady Dee” enthusiast.

In the film Amélie (2001) Collignon the greengrocer claims that his assistant Lucien has been  sticking photos of the lately deceased “Lady Dee’s” head onto the shoulders of lingerie models in a mail order catalogue.

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Another source of stimulation, this time the printed word, was the weekly magazine Exchange and Mart.

Exchange & Mart magazine.  “Physical Culture Equipment” and on the inside “Half Way Inn” (sent under plain cover).

In the section selling cine film and cine film apparatus was a sub-heading where vendors advertised 8 mm films (including the now defunct and almost by then anachronistic French 9.5 mm cine film).  Five or ten minute 8mm spools of cine film with suggestive titles such as Halfway Inn were offered, sent “Under Plain Cover”.  An assistant bank manager in the London suburb of Gants Hill  would probably be sweating blood with the thought of his career downfall, or marital shame if the packet arrived at the family home damaged in a peek-a-boo state so that the saucy title could be read.  He’d then go from relief that the contents hadn’t burst out of their confines to fury when, in the back room he set up the projector (the wife gone on the London Underground Central Line for her weekly visit to her friend Maureen in Newbury Park),  stared aghast at the images on the viewing screen, and then fury as he watched a five minute travelogue of the Malverns, that in a few shots lingered on a picturesque pub called the Halfway Inn.

Meanwhile, who knows, his wife – on the weekly pretence of visiting Maureen  – (real name Maurice, president of the local amateur photography club and salesman in Bri-Nylon goods, including knickers) – was earning some pin money in a Newbury Park front room posing in her nylon “smalls” in front of a cold fireplace.

“Fireside Frills”.    UK glamour, the 1950s.

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Other Sources of Titillation

If you lived in London a good source of printed ‘beyond suspicion’ titillation – and a safe respectable street to linger in whilst doing so –  was the Charing Cross Road and the windows of the art and cinema book shops.

“Bookshop, Charing Cross Road c.1936.”   Photo Wolfgang Suschitzky, reproduced in An Exile’s Eye, the Photography of Wolfgang Suschitzky, National Gallery of Scotland, 2002.   (Despite”c.1936″, one book in the window is “Specification for 1938”.)

Titles in the above 1930s Charing Cross bookshop window include Curves & Contrast of the Human Form, Beauty’s Daughters and 28 Studies, 7/6.  Not much had changed in Charing Cross art book shop windows in the late 1950s and early 1960s, except the prices.  The common feature was an artificial line drawn between aesthetic appreciation (legitimate) and sexual appreciation (not at all legitimate, leading to moral corruption, blindness, nasty diseases, and, criminal court cases if it was a man’s love for a man).

Public Lavatory, 1950s, London.  From A Maverick Eye: The Street Photography of John Deakin, editor Robin Muir. Thames & Hudson, 2002.

Magazine kiosk, 1950s, Paris.  From A Maverick Eye: The Street Photography of John Deakin, editor Robin Muir. Thames & Hudson, 2002.

Just off the Charing Cross Road was Soho, whose saucy reputation  was a legend amongst men in the know throughout the British Isles.  FA Cup finals at Wembley, rugby games at Twickenham and “chaps” down to see the Oxford – Cambridge boat race would, if they had time before the game or race, head in large groups to the fabled centre of sin. Kenneth More mentions this aspect in his More or Less.  However the most erotic experience they would probably encounter in the late 1950s and early 1960s  would be glimpsing at nude ladies with rigid permed hairdos and a disappointing erased vagina in British pin-up magazines such as Kamera.

But, and care was still needed, Soho was also home to a community of gay men and women, which included the artist Francis Bacon and the photographer John Deakin. Erotic imagery for homosexuals was even more coded – for men, male body building magazines was one source of sex under cover.

Soho, London, 1954.  photo Hans Richard Griebe.  From London Town 54: the photos of Hans Richard Griebe. (2)

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With all this Sex under Cover, contemporary readers – that is, 2018 readers born since say the ‘permissive’ 1970s – would perhaps imagine that sex, as practised, was like its depiction in British films spanning the 1930s to early 1960s period.  True, the contraception pill, available in Britain from circa 1967, did mean there might have been more uninhabited “coupling” amongst heterosexuals without fear of pregnancy.   The difference in the 1930s – 1960s period was that if an unmarried couple had been “doing it” and the woman became pregnant, they usually got married. The exception was the wartime circumstances of the Second World War where there was a marked increase in children born out of wedlock, often to departing Allied soldiers leaving British shores.

For swingers, their activity was not inhibited during the 1930s – 1960s period.   One Scottish island had a post Second World War club that became known in island folklore as the “BBC” – the Bare Bottoms Club.  The club was accidentally discovered by a village hall janitor when an external door into the village hall he thought was a bit stiff was wedged by a fornicating couple on the other side, whilst simultaneously other wife/husband combinations were also at it.  Trades people and professional people were well represented in this island “BBC”.

An early 1960s work-mate of this writer detailed to him the pleasures to be had in the Union Jack Club in wartime Waterloo, London.  The workmate was a regular soldier in the 1930s,  mostly based in garrisons in India, and then drafted back to the UK to train up the new Second World War conscripts.  With his bi-sexual drive, the Union Jack Club was a Mecca.  One encounter he fondly remembered was a man and woman duo who swapped sexual roles, with him happily being piggy in the middle.  “Oh, it was lovely” he said,”and what a shame for them.  The guy really wanted to be a girl, and the girl really wanted to be a guy”.

Kenneth More, in his previously mentioned autobiography More or Less details how he lost his virginity in the early 1930s to a hormonally rampant nurse at her rented flat after a dance in Shrewsbury, a town where he was a young engineering apprentice.  At the dance

I put my arm around her in a two-step and she pressed hard against me… At the end of the evening she mentioned casually that she shared a flat but her friend was away… would I care to go home with her?….

At the flat –

We undressed and climbed into a remarkably cold bed, the chill of which was speedily obliterated by her generous warmth.  She instructed me in my part of the proceedings – or at least what she hoped my part would be.  But my state of nervousness and excitement was such that it was all over before I really began.

Front cover of ‘Lady Chatterley’s Lover’, Penguin edition, 1960

There are three observations on this recollection by Kenneth More.  1. That he would not have written about this in his earlier autobiography Happy Go Lucky (1959).  It was a sign of the times that he did in More or Less in 1978. And the sign of the times was legally ushered in by the unsuccessful 1960 Crown Prosecution of Penguin Publishers for their publishing the full version of  DH Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover.   2.   On the back of this unsuccessful Crown Prosecution, Henry Millers Tropic of Cancer was then published and contemporary authors in the UK and the US were more frank in mentioning, in writing about sexual behaviour, and publishers published.  However in the world of film, British or American, it was to be several years after 1960 that films started to be equally frank, and in some sexual thematic areas over 30 years.  3. That the nurse’s hormonal biological imperative was not – in real life – untypical, but, as a theme, continues to be under-played in novels and  films,  as does the usually earlier age awakening of  female sexual drive (when their menstruation starts) compared to boys.  It was a curious and un-erotic experience for this writer in 1958 to have a girl take his hand and place it on her blouse/pullovered school breast and rythmatically squash his hand over it.

In the pre-1970s, most nice boys thought that “Sex” was something that boys did to girls, and it was usually nasty boys who did it to girls.  There was no awareness that girls liked sex too.  And anyway, any girls who did like sex were written off as Bad Girls, and this was clearly inferred in films that started to touch – even fleetingly – on this aspect from the late 1950s onwards.

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The prosecution of Penguins  by the Crown for publishing Lady Chatterley’s Lover was thrown out by the jury on 2 November, 1960,  having been asked in the opening statement by the Prosecuting Counsel – Mervyn Griffith-Jones-  if it was a book they would wish their wife or servants to read. The answer was obviously yes (did servants include Buckingham Palace staff ?) and so did large swathes of the British public who’d never read or heard of DH Lawrence. (1)

Mervin Griffith-Jones.

Between then and 1963 four British films that touched on sexual behaviour were released that Mervyn Griffith-Jones might not have wished his wife or his servants to see:

Saturday Night & Sunday Morning, general release early 1961; Victim, 1961; Greengage Summer 1961 and The Comedy Man 1963.

 

British Board of Film Censors U certificate.  Such a caption would appear at the beginning of a film.

With the exception of the “A” certificate  Greengage Summer, the other  films were”X” certificated – which in those days “X” = seX.  The British Board of Film Censors was a timid self-censoring Trade Body established in 1912, and down the years had had an informal and comfortable  relationship with the British Governments of the day.  During the 1950 – 1964 period the British Board of Film censors ratings were “U” –  suitable for everyone, “A”  – children must be accompanied by an adult and “X” – sixteen and over.

Pan edition of Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, with Albert Finney on the cover. 

However, even they were aware the times were changing, particularly on the back of the Lady Chatterley trial, and a film like Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, based on the already published novel by Alan Sillitoe would be difficult to refuse a film certificate without making them look silly.

The film dealt openly with an extra-marital affair, but what was the real salt and pepper was the explicit mention of abortion and the strap of Rachel Robert’s slip on her naked shoulder as she and bachelor Albert Finney share her marital bed.   In 1961 it was the third most popular film at the British box office.  The Guns of Navarone with Gregory Peck and Anthony Quinn was the most popular.

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In 1961, the same year that Saturday Night and Sunday Morning went on general release the ground-breaking film Victim, that dealt with blackmail of male homosexuals was released.  It was the first ever English language film in the world that the word “homosexual” was uttered for the first time.

The UK 1961 poster for the Rank Organisation distributed film Victim. 

Dirk Bogarde as barrister Melville Farr and Sylvia Syms as his wife. Victim, 1961.

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And then in the same year 1961, along came The Greengage Summer.  At first sight, with jolly breezy, dependable Kenneth More it might not seem like a groundbreaking film, so much so that aspects of it slipped under the British Film censors prurient nose and they gave it an “A” and not “X” certificate.  But it was probably the first film in the world to acknowledge a woman – in fact a 16 year old girl, Joss – was having a period.  And on top of that her young brother Wilmouse makes dresses for dolls.  And if that’s not enough we have dependable Kenneth More – the sort of dependable chap you could leave your teenage daughter with – finding himself getting the hots for the 16 year old Joss.

Joss (Susannah York) in her bed talking to Eliot (Kenneth More)  Joss is unexpectedly marooned in a French country-side hotel with her two younger sisters and little brother. Her mother has been taken ill on the  journey and is in a French hospital in a town some way off.

Joss herself is not unaware of her power of attraction to men, like many girls who have started their puberty.  (Interestingly the England & Wales Age of Marriage Act 1929 defined the legal age of puberty for boys as 14, but for girls it was defined as 12.).

And then add the jealousy of the hotel owner Madam Zisi (Danielle Darrieux) who quickly realises that Joss’ hormones are lighting up her lovers hormones – the same Kenneth More. But why stop there, let’s keep going: the hotel manager Madam Corbet has a homosexual attachment to Zisi, which Zisi is aware of. And it is ambiguous whether Zisi and Madam Corbet were lovers or still are lovers. Meanwhile, with Joss’s sexual hormones ricocheting off the hotel walls, the porter-cum kitchen hand is also lusting after her. Imagine this film made by Luis Buñuel with Spanish sub-titles. The British censor would slap an X certificate on it as quick as you could say “Foreign Filth”.

It is a very deft scene where it is revealed that Joss is having her period, and period pains, and is under the weather.  It is the first day after they arrived at the hotel the night before, and her sister Hester (played by a young Jane Asher) and her little brother have come into her bedroom to ask why she’s not up as it is such a lovely morning.  She says she is ill.  Her little brother frowns to which she responds “I’m not ill like Mummy”.  In a tight close up on younger sister Hester, excluding the brother in the frame she asks, significantly “Is it…?”  Also in a tight close up, her little brother not in frame, Joss nods meaningfully.

Susannah York as Joss and Kenneth More as Eliot, The Greengage Summer, 1961.

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Kenneth More had the lead role in the downbeat The Comedy Man 1963.  Nudity between male and female went way further in this film than in Saturday Night and Sunday Morning.  More plays an actor having a mid-life career and mid-life relationship crisis.  Early on in the film he and his ex-lover Billie Whitelaw are physically intimate in a fairly extended bed scene.

Kenneth More and Billie Whitelaw in The Comedy Man.

Billie Whitelaw and Kenneth More, The Comedy Man.

Dennis Price, who was also in Victim, plays a lecherous heterosexual agent. In his private, non-acting life Dennis was homosexual.  And it is in The Comedy Man that we see for the first time ever, that this writer is aware of,  two homosexual men dancing together.

Queer sort of world. The Comedy Man, 1963.

“Eh?”  This girl has just been “excused” me by one of the men who is now dancing with the man she was dancing with, and she is trying to comprehend what it is exactly she is looking at.

The Comedy Man was finished in May 1963, but Rank, the distributors, were at a loss as to what to do with it, and it didn’t get released until 1964.  Along with The Greengage Summer it was Kenneth More’s favourite film.

Homosexual practice was still a criminal offence when the film was made. There were various charges that could be brought, including “Lewd behaviour”.  In England and  Wales the Sexual Offences Act 1967 decriminalised homosexual acts in private between consenting men over the age of 21.  It wasn’t until 1980 that a similar act was passed for Scotland; 1982 in Northern Ireland and 1993 in the Republic of Ireland.

By coincidence, when the film The Comedy Man starring Kenneth More was finally released in 1964, the Windmill Theatre in Great Windmill Street closed its doors and then  re-opened as the Windmill Cinema.

And life imitated art for Kenneth More.  In The Greengage Summer he is strongly attracted to a girl who is 21 years his junior; in The Comedy Man a source of discord between his contemporary Billie Whitelaw and himself is that she tires of him never wanting to grow up and always wanting to be 25.  In the film a 21 year old would-be actress parks herself on him. Her film name was “Shrimp”.  At the end of The Comedy Man he leaves Shrimp, and his  mostly out-of-work London actor friends and takes a taxi for Kings Cross station and a ticket to the north, to try and get back into repertory theatre, leaving behind the empty experience of being a successful TV advertisement personality selling a mouth freshener.

In real life Kenneth More left his second wife who he had married in 1952  for “Shrimp”, actress Angela Douglas.  They got married in 1968.  She was 26 years younger than More.  They remained married until his death from Parkinson’s disease in 1982, aged 67.

Kenneth More Royal Mail 1st class stamp

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Footnote

  1. Mervin Griffith-Jones was also the Prosecuting counsel in the 1963 trial of Stephen Ward at the time of the Profumo scandal.
  2. londontown54.com

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Author petegraftonPosted on May 2, 2018May 16, 2018Categories Political & Social HistoryTags 1857 Obscene Publications Act, 9.5mm film, Amelie film, Angela Douglas, Bare Bottoms Club, Billie Whitelaw, Bri Nylon knickers, Danielle Darrieux, Dennis Price, Dirk Bogarde, Exchange and Mart, Fireside Frills, Francis Bacon, Gants Hill, Jamel Debbouze, Jane Asher, John Deakin, Kenneth More, Kenneth More Royal Mail Ist class stamp, Kenneth More's More or Less, Lady Chatterley's Lover trial, Littlewoods Mail order catalogue, Newbury Park, Outsize bras, Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, Sexual Offences Act 1967, Shrewsbury 1930s, Susannah York, The Comedy Man film, the Daily Mail, The Greengage Summer film, The Times, Union Jack Club Waterloo, Victim film, wankers, wanking, Windmill Theatre, Wolfgang Suschitzky2 Comments on “A4, Wanker, Times”: Sex Under Cover

The Hand of Hackney: Alan Hackney, the forgotten novelist.

The  Hand  of  Hackney

Alan Hackney, the Forgotten Novelist

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Peter Sellers, as Fred Kite, the militant shop steward, and Ian Carmichael in the Boulting Brothers “I’m Alright Jack”, based on Alan Hackney’s novel “Private Life”. – Have you been to Russia, Mr Kite?   – No, but that’s one place I’d like to go.  All them corn fields, and ballet in the evening.  

From life in the wartime British Army (Private’s Progress, 1954), through to the New Towns of the 1960s (Let’s Keep Religion Out of This, 1963, filmed as Heavens Above) and the start of package holidays in Spain (Whatever Turns You On Jack, 1972) the novelist Alan Hackney had his finger on the life pulse of Britain.

Peter Sellers, with a Brummie accent, as the idealistic Rev. John Smallwood in Heavens Above, 1963, loosely inspired by Alan Hackney’s novel Let’s Keep Religion Out of This.   The Rev. John Smallwood puts into practice the teaching of Christ, and in doing so upsets the local parish landed gentry, and causes panic and consternation in the national Church of England hierarchy.

His books are so spot-on in nailing the social history and the politics of the time – but luckily, also laugh-out-aloud (with the partial exception of Let’s Keep Religion Out of This) – that they should be on any reading list for first year students  doing a degree in that social history/politics post war period of Britain.  And watching Private’s Progress and I’m Alright Jack would save them tedious hours of skimping through some inadequate books, which partially miss (because they were written by academics  – secure in their jobs and financially comfortably off, and some of whom were also influenced by their political leanings, left or right).  Important aspects and commentary on what life was like for many were missed.  For instance, Arthur Marwick’s British Society Since 1945 does not mention, even in one passing sentence, the desire of many Britons to escape the class stratification of that period and emigrate to Australia on the £10 scheme.  Both the Kinks and the Animals  touched on this stifling class ceiling in some of their music. And many Britons, encouraged by the Australian government took the boats heading out via South Africa and across the Indian Ocean to a socially freer continent.

Meanwhile, those of us left behind could go to the pictures on a Friday or Saturday night and bust a gut laughing at the films touched with the Hand of Hackney: Private’s Progress (1956), and I’m Alright Jack (1959).

Private’s Progress by Alan Hackney. Victor Gollanz, London, 1954.

Yet Alan Hackney rarely appears when book critics mention the likes of Angus Wilson, Kingsley Amis and  William Cooper in the same breath.  Still, I doubt that he would have been bothered.  Financially he did alright.  And the novelist William Cooper rolled around the floor laughing as he read his novels, and Evelyn Waugh did that rare thing (for him) and invited Hackney down to the Waugh home in Somerset, saying how much he admired his work.

Private’s Progress film poster for the United States market. Note “The Film That is Respectfully Dedicated to All Those Who Got Away With It”.   This tag line was also used on the UK poster, and was the concluding dedication on the screen in the cinemas.

Not only do his books have a sharp view of what was happening in Britain at the time he wrote them, but they burst with brilliant dialogue, and the vernacular. The vernacular spilled over into film scripts that he contributed to that weren’t based on his novels, such as Two Way Stretch (1960).

Peter Sellers as Dodger Lane in “Two Way Stretch”,  – ‘Ere, close that window, there’s a terrible George Raft.

“Two Way Stretch”.  Peter Sellers to conman Soapy Stevens (Wilfrid Hyde-White), pretending to be a vicar on a prison visit – What evil plan are you hatching in that disease ridden bonce of yours?

“Two Way Stretch”, 1960. Left to right, Bernard Cribbins as Lenny the Dip, David Lodge as Jelly Knight and Peter Sellers as Dodger Lane in the Prison Governor’s garden.

The Film Censor giving Two Way Stretch a “U”  – suitable for children  – certificate didn’t notice that Alan Hackney had slipped in a choice phrase when Peter Sellers as the trustee Dodger Lane tells visiting welfare ladies in the Prison Governor’s garden that the giant marrow they are admiring was “Hand raised, as they say in the Navy”.  There would have been an acknowledged titter in cinemas up and down the country, particularly from ex and serving serviceman.

Two Way Stretch UK cinema poster.

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His novels follow the lives of the same characters as they emerge from the war, such as the gormless Stanley, his naturist father, the unscrupulous, suave Brigadier Bertram Tracepurcel (Uncle Bertie), Stanley’s wartime mate Private Cox (Coxey) who after the war re-invents himself as “Mr de Cameron”, and then Fred Kite, Mrs Kite and Cynthia  as they adapt, and some do very nicely thank-you, as Britain moves into the 1970s.  The shop steward Fred Kite even makes it to the House of Lords in What Ever Turns You On Jack.

Alan Hackney, left, with Richard Attenborough, Peggy Hackney and baby Jane, and Roy Boulting, on the set of Private’s Progress.

In the obituaries for Alan Hackney when he died in 2009, the consensus is that I’m Alright Jack (“Private Life”) was the apex of his work with its merciless laugh-out-aloud dissection of trade unions super-glued to demarcation disputes and tussles with the Bosses and the Bosses looking after No.I whilst hypocritically spouting on about the “National Interest” (whilst lining their own pockets doing arms deals with corrupt Middle Eastern governments) and consciously provoking union militancy – strikes – for their own financial gain.

In fact, all his novels have an equal weight, but if one has to be highlighted besides I’m Alright Jack (“Private Life”), in the view of this writer it should be Private’s Progress.

The Awkward Squad, aka “Absolute Shower”, in their Holding Unit. Front, left to right, Ian Carmichael (Me Old Stan), Richard Attenborough (Coxey) and Kenneth Griffith (Jonesy). Back row centre Victor Maddern and Ian Bannen.  Private’s Progress, 1956.

Here’s a novel (1954), and then a film made shortly after (1956) that appears in bookshops and then on cinema screens, wedged in between celebrations of World War Two British  courage, and examples of individual daring-do.  Films, often based on non-fiction books, such as Reach for The Sky (1956), The Dam Busters (1955) and Above Us the Waves (1955).

Skiver, buck-passer, and Major – Terry-Thomas as Major Hancock

Private’s Progress is a film that shows some Army Brass who are dodging and skiving as much as the soldiers they are commanding, and Army Brass who are involved in high scale looting of Art Works, shipped back to Blighty for private re-sale and their own financial gain.

High-end looter and Brigadier, Betram Tracepurcel (Dennis Price) and collaborator/girlfriend ATS Prudence Greenslade (Jill Adams).

“Shipped back” should perhaps be more accurately called “air-lifted”.  There were elements in the RAF Transport Command and the USAAF equivalent who were assisting in flying back high-end loot.

The film’s dedication to  “All Those Who Got Away With It” would have included British army soldiers who held Prince Friedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his family, and their servants at gunpoint in the courtyard of  Glücksburg Castle near the border with Denmark in May 1945. They were searching for Heinrich Himmler and looted the castle at the same time.   Easily pocketable items with high value such as jewellery disappeared.  The British Daily Mail in May 1945 reported that “The Duchess of Mecklenburg had appealed to the King (George VI) for compensation… ‘I wrote to Queen Mary in England who is my aunt, asking her to help me and she replied she would do’.”  It’s not clear whether any of the soldiers, which would have included officers were ever detected or disciplined, and most of the jewellery seemingly was never recovered. 

Duchess Cecile of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1886 – 1954.

Prince Friedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg (1913 – 1989)

In the film Private’s Progress Brigadier Tracepurcell and Private Cox and ATS Greenslade don’t get away with it, but in the novel they do, and they do very nicely too.  The Boulting Brothers being realistic, knew the British Board of Film Censors would not allow the “culprits” to get away with it, and would refuse a certificate, and the film, therefore, wouldn’t get shown in British cinemas.

Richard Attenborough in The League of Gentlemen, 1960.

It was for the same reason that in the thriller League of Gentlemen, 1960, ex-British Army officers, and a few Other Ranks having mounted a spectacular and successful  bank raid – using skills learnt during their army war training – also didn’t get away with it.  Talking in 1985, the screenwriter T.E.B Clark (Hue & Cry, 1947, Passport to Pimlico, 1949) stated that in his screenplay for The Lavender Hill Mob, 1951, Alec Guinness also wasn’t able to get away with it.  “The censor would not have allowed it”, he said.  This wasn’t copping out – it was knowing what was, and was not allowed.  The British Board of Film Censors was a self-censoring  Trade Body established in 1912, and down the years had had an informal and comfortable  relationship with the British Governments of the day.

In the film, every one else in Private’s Progress either does get away with it, or finds dodges and skives to make their boring, drudge-ridden and pointless army life in the Holding Unit a touch easier.

One extraordinary sequence in the film, not commented on by reviewers (and not in the novel) is when Major Hancock (Terry-Thomas) skives off and leaves the Camp, and is seen entering a Picture House in the local town. The banner poster above the Picture House entrance shows that the featured film is In Which We Serve.   In Which We Serve was a deeply felt film written and directed by its star Noel Coward, at a time – 1942 – when the tide had yet to turn for the wartime Allies.  When Noel Coward was finishing the films’ script in late 1941 British military were having one defeat after another, and the storyline of In Which We Serve was based on the sinking of the destroyer HMS Kelly in the Battle for Crete – a ship commanded by Louis Mountbatten.  Recognising a good propaganda film, it was actively helped by the British Government’s Ministry of Information, in providing service men, and promotion.  “A classic example of wartime British cinema through its patriotic imagery of national unity and social cohesion within the context of the war”  – Wikipedia entry.

In Private’s Progress the on-screen credits boast that the Producers had help from “Absolutely No-One“.  Richard Attenborough was in both films. (1).

Richard Attenborough in his first screen role in  In Which We Serve, 1942.  Victor Maddern who’s a dodging private in Private’s Progress  served in the British Merchant Navy, joining in 1943 at the age of 15.  It would have been no picnic. 

Somewhere in England: In Which We Serve at the local Picture House. “A Stirring Tale of War Heroism.”  Private’s Progress.

Major Hancock has a sly shufti to spot he’s not being observed before he slips into the matinée at the Picture House. Private’s Progress.

Major Hancock being guided down the cinema aisle. Private’s Progress.

Major Hancock settles into his cinema seat.  A stirring newsreel commentator is heard on the sound-track.   Private’s Progress.

Turning to his right Major Hancock happens to alight on…  Private’s Progress.

… Private Ian Bannen and his current girlfriend snogging, and in front, Jonesy and Victor Maddern.  They are unimpressed by the stirring voice and words of the unseen newsreel: “The British soldier today is highly skilled and highly trained“.   Private’s Progress.

Turning to his right Major Hancock spots two more dodgers.  Private’s Progress.

Spotted, Stanley (Me Old Stan) gives the nod to a half- dozing Coxey.  Privates Progress.

Stanley and Cox try to make themselves invisible, as, despite the bored audience, the newsreel commentator soldiers on.  Private’s Progress.

The following day Major Hancock has them on a forced route march, with full kit.  Sweating as they march they are brought to attention by the  Company Sergeant Major.  Major Hancock addresses them. “You’re an absolute shower. Practically every man in that cinema was from this company.”  Cox mutters “Including you, cock.”

Terry-Thomas is rightly associated with the “Absolute shower”expression, but it was Alan Hackney who used it, having first heard it from an irate Commanding Officer in India during the war.

Review quotes of Private’s Progress. (From the front pages of Alan Hackney’s third novel Private Life,1958 aka I’m Alright Jack.)

Coxey (Richard Attenborough) mis-appropriating the ABCA class to explain to his fellow squaddies the various ways of dodging railway fares. 

ABCA stood for Army Bureau of Current Affairs set up during the Second World War to “educate and raise morale” amongst servicemen and servicewomen.  The railway dodges outlined by Coxey included the ATS dodge, that Fusilier Walter Morrison describes in detail, along with others not mentioned by Coxey, in Pete Grafton’s You, You & You: The People Out of Step with World War Two. (2)

In the three Boulting Brothers films based on Alan Hackney’s novels there are omissions, and, the other way around, narratives that are not in the novels.

Catherine introducing Stanley to one of her friends. Private’s Progress.

In the novel Private’s Progress there is a section where the Stanley character is posted to India, mirroring Alan Hackney’s wartime experience.   The novel also fleshes out what is only briefly touched on in the film:  the London wartime world of  Catherine, Stanley’s sister  –  a world of artists pre-occupied with producing art that is “plastic”, a stressed female vegan, a hardened squaddie who swings both ways, a Quentin Crisp type character who can’t bear the thought of having to wear “that dreadful khaki” and  two dodgy art dealers, one of whom manages to “disappear”  following the confusion at Dunkirk. This strand is an important – and witty – narrative element throughout the novel.

The “disappearing” of soldiers – “posted missing – presumed dead” – following Dunkirk is also mentioned in the Afterword to You, You & You.

Both the films and the novels they are based on are equally good standing alone by themselves.  Alan Hackney was closely involved in the films Private’s Progress and I’m Alright Jack, even though the screen credits are perfunctory.  “From a story by Alan Hackney” does not convey that it is a novel.

Alan Hackney’s novels, in order – left to right – that they were published.

His Gollanz published novels have been out of print for years, though most copies – second-hand – are available at reasonable prices on abebooks.  Faber and Faber in their Faber Finds series currently list Private’s Progress.

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  1. The same happens with Marcello Mastroianni appearing in a film that features another film he starred in: He’s the central character in Germi’s Divorce Italian Style (1961), and is shown making his way to the Picture House in his Sicilian home town where Fellini’s La Dolce Vita (1960) is playing, playing to a packed house despite a pulpit condemnation from the town priest.  They’ve seen the film poster featuring Anita Ekberg and heard that the film is full of orgies.
  2.  You, You & You: The People Out of Step With World War Two.  Pluto Press, 1981.  youyouandyourestored.wordpress.com

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Author petegraftonPosted on February 10, 2018December 28, 2018Categories Political & Social History, Second World War, Social HistoryTags Alan Hackney novelist, All You Young Ladies novel, Army Bureau of Current Affairs (ABCA), Bernard Cribbins, Boulting Brothers, David Lodge, Dennis Price, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Faber Finds, Fred Kite, Glucksburg Castle, Hackney, Heavens Above, I'm Alright Jack, Ian Bannen, Ian Carmichael, In Which We Serve, Jill Adams actress, Kenneth Griffith, Let's Keep Religion Out of This, Pete Grafton, Peter Sellers, Prince Friedricj Ferdinand of Schleswig-Hostein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg, Private Life, Private's Progress, T.E.B.Clark, Terry-Thomas, Two Way Stretch, Two Way Stretch cinema poster, Victor Maddern, Whatever Turns You on Jack, Wilfrid Hyde-White, Willian Cooper novelist, You You & You: The People Our of Step with World War TwoLeave a comment on The Hand of Hackney: Alan Hackney, the forgotten novelist.

Christmas 1946, Clydebank, Hogmanay 1946 Loch Lomond YH

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Christmas 1946, Clydebank and Hogmanay 1946 Loch Lomond youth hostel

Bird’s Christmas Custard advertisement,  December 1946.    Pete Grafton Collection

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This material adapted from Len:Our Ownest Darling Girl  – Letters between Mother and Daughter 1939 – 1950.  Mother was Helen Bryers, Dad was Harry Bryers and their daughter was  Helen (“Len’) Bryers.

Mum and Dad Bryers, 1930s.

Mum and Dad Bryers lived in a rented house in Coldingham Avenue, Yoker, near Clydebank.  Dad was an engineer and Mum had been a seamstress.

Helen (‘Len’) Bryers,  Photo taken in Victory Studios, Argyle Street, Glasgow, 31 October, 1944.

Their only child, Helen, known as “Len” to family and friends, had worked in the latter stages of the Second World War as a shorthand typist for the Ministry of Supply at the Royal Ordnance Factory at nearby Dalmuir.  Still working for the Ministry of Supply she transferred to a similar post in Cairo in November 1945.  She was almost 20.    At the time there was strong Arab anti- British feeling in Egypt, and contempt for the king, Farouk.  Occasional demonstrations and targeted explosions at British associated Cairo buildings were occasional irritants.  Otherwise Helen (‘Len’) was living in the land of milk and honey- no food or clothing rationing for her.  Back in post-war Britain  Mum and Dad and millions of others were experiencing rationing harsher than it had been during the war. Bread, freely available during the war, was rationed starting in July, 1946. There was also an acute shortage of houses.  The weather wasn’t that brilliant, either.

__________________________

Mum letter image png_edited-1Christmas Eve in ye old Home, 24 December, 1946.

I just couldn’t let this night pass without letting you know you are in our thoughts as always, our darling.

Christmas card from Mum and Dad to Len (Helen) their daughter.

Here’s the latest re. hoose.

“New Houses” Abbey National advertisment, Picture Post, August 5, 1944.  Pete Grafton Collection.

I called at the B.S. (building society) yesterday to pay the surveyor’s fee and the under manager told me he’d just been getting a letter typed to ask us to call for an interview with the manager, so I made an appointment there & then for 3 p.m. today.   Just as we were getting ready to go out, Mrs Rae from next door called for a loan of a pudding basin as they were just about to put their plum pudd. on to steam when the basin broke.  I think ours must be what is termed “a well appointed” house for I was able to produce a selection of basins for her choice.

At last we got away in a ghastly thick fog and frozen roads.  We saw the B.S. manager – very efficient & polite – who phoned up their solicitor for an appointment for us and we are to see him at 11 a.m. on Thurs.   They evidently got a very favourable report from the surveyor.  The surveyor reported that, with vacant possession the house would easily sell for £1,750 or £2,000, so you see honey, if we can get it in the region of £500 to £800 it w’d mean a profit for us anytime we sold whilst the present housing shortage lasts & that looks like being for many many years.  (The housing shortage was anticipated during the latter stages of the war by the British Wartime Coalition Government – much housing had been lost in the Blitzes, and the V1 and V2 raids – and the first prefabricated home (prefab) was erected and occupied in London in the Spring of 1945.  It is reported that by January 1947, a few weeks on from Mum writing this letter, 100,000 prefabs had been built.  However, there was still a housing shortage, particularly in the bomb damaged cities of Britain, most of which also had crowded slum areas.)

New prefabs, Cathcart Road, Muirend, Glasgow. 1947.  Photo source Glasgow Libraries.

Dad & self then went shopping and went into Masseys. (Glasgow wide provisions stores of the time.)

Interior of Massey’s Union Street branch, central Glasgow, circa 1951.  Photo source Glasgow Evening Times.

A.Massey & Sons shopfront, the 1930s.  Somewhere in the Glasgow suburbs.

Massey’s shop staff, Shettleston Road branch, Glasgow, circa 1932.

There was a huge pile of mince pies on the counter & Dad asked about them & the guy serving said they were only for registered customers & I said  “He (Dad) doesn’t understand all about the difficulties of shopping, ha! ha! But I’m going on holiday and he’ll get to know.”

Dad said  “Yes, she is going to the land of milk & honey”, and the fella said “Where is that” & I said “Cairo, Egypt” & that started it – he was recently demobbed and said if he hadn’t been married he’d have rejoined again so as to spend another 6 months in Cairo, which he says is a most exciting city & he liked it very much.   Well, we jawed & jawed & he said “Oh! I must give you some of these mince pies as you are old Egyptian friends.”   He made up six lovely mince pies for us! – so you see, honey, ‘agaun fit is aye gettin’. (‘A moving foot is always gaining things’.)

We hear on the radio tonight that a bomb exploded in the Anglo-Egyptian Club but no one hurt, thank goodness.  Must stop now, my sweetie pie, hope Santa puts something nice in your stocking.  It’s raining cats and dogs tonight, the weather is terrible.

Boxing Day. 26.12.46.

Just look at the day it is and we never got this away to you – yesterday just seemed to go in wee bits of cooking, cleaning and shopping. (Shopping on Christmas Day:  Christmas Day in Scotland historically was not as significant as it was in England.  As late as 1967 it was not a holiday for blue collar and shop workers in Scotland.)

We are just off to the solicitors to make arrangements re. his getting in touch with Mrs Mac’s chap – I guess she’ll throw a pink fit when she hears our offer in the region of £500 – £800! (Mrs Mac was the owner of their home, her name fore-shortened by Mum.)   It was such impudence of her solicitor to try to stampede us into £1,200.

Our kitten, Hope, is really a pet and is growing like anything, he is creamy ginger colour & so clean and dainty.  How do you like his name?  It had to be something beginning with “H” as is our tradition & I thought “Hope” so nice & cheerful.

There’s cards in for you from Mrs Holt and Bob Getchel, I’ll forward them in separate envelopes. (Mrs Holt was a former pre-war neighbour from Dagenham, Essex and Bob Getchel was a U.S. serviceman the family had got to know during the war.)  The mantlepiece is decorated with over 20 Xmas Cards we got.

Mum extreme right with her daughter looking up at her, front room, Coldingham Avenue, Yoker, Christmas 1944.

We got a most lovely aluminium teapot and silver jam spoon from Aunt Ena – they are really beautiful and just what we wanted.  I got a tin of Bath Salts & tin of talcum from Joan Brandley, very sweet of her to send them. (Joan Brandley was a close friend of Helen’s and family friend)   We intend to go to L.L.Y.H. at New Year – what am I to do with Hope?  I’ll be running up here every few hours. (L.L.Y.H: Loch Lomond Youth Hostel.   The distance between the youth hostel and the family home in Yoker was 3 miles.)

Best love in the world to you, our own one.

Cheers & love, honey girl, Mum. x.

__________________________________________________________

Monday.  30 December 1946.

“Och! The sound of it!” Dewars White Label whisky advertisment, Picture Post, December 7, 1946.  Pete Grafton Collection.

The day before Hogmanay.  (Have been busy making up your parcel – slacks & bra. etc and am now dashing off with it to the G.P.O.)

Dearest and Best,

We are all well and happy, but busy, boy! I’ll say we’re busy!  I’m writing this in the middle of a mouthful of lunch.  I note all the splendid tips in your letter re. filling in my forms and shall act accordingly, after New Year my thoughts and deeds will be dedicated mostly to arranging my trip. (Mum was planning to visit her daughter in Egypt.) The days just now are so brief and meals so many.

We are going to L.L.Y.H tomorrow – both Jack and Dad stop at 12 so we shall be off soon after.  (LLYH: Loch Lomond Youth Hostel.  Jack was a young lodger.) Jack is thrilled to bits at the idea of the hostels and I’m going to get a membership card for him in town today – that is to be his New Year gift from Dad & self.  Jack is really a lonely soul and has not much young company so he is enthusiastic re. visiting L.L. and yesterday put on the outfit he proposes putting on for the trip so that we c’d O.K. it – or otherwise; he has a camera and films so will try to get some snaps.

We’ll be thinking of you on New Year’s Eve and wishing you all that’s Merry.  May all your dreams & wishes come true in 1947.

Your own ever loving Mum and Dad.

_______________

Mum letter image png_edited-13 January, 1947.

The beginning of the year 1947 in The Old Home.

Our Darling Own One,

This is the very first letter of the year and the first one we received this year was from you – we are so happy you had such a wizard time at Christmas.  We just got back from Loch Lomond Y.H. last night and oh! boy – what a time we had!  It was one of merriment and fun from the time we got there on Hogmanay till we left last night.

"Group at Auchendrennan New Year's Day, 1947. Dad and Mum at left and right. Mrs Mac is in Centre with Henry Lindsay at her back - that's Henry's brother in kilt next to me. The piper appeared playing a tune, he had walked all the way from Tarbert after playing all night!" Mums annotation on back of photo.

“Group at Auchendrennan (Loch Lomond youth hostel) New Year’s Day, 1947.  Mrs Mac is in Centre with Henry Lindsay at her back – that’s Henry’s brother in kilt next to me. The piper appeared playing a tune, he had walked all the way from Tarbert after playing all night!”  Mum’s annotation on back of photo.  Mum is on the left and Dad is second right.

Loch Lomond (Auchendrennan) youth hostel, circa early 1950s.

Jack was overcome by the Membership card we gave him and some of his Norwegian Pals propose coming over to Scotland for a tour during the summer and he is to get a bike in April so he will be able to make good use of the card.

Like ourselves, he thinks Auchendrennan is wonderful and quite admires Joan MacDonald and thinks she is so pretty “like a doll” as he says, she is certainly a bonnie lassie and as sweet as she is pretty, as I told him, however Jack is so shy, he just remained tongue tied.

Before the clock struck midnight we all (about 85) of us trooped out and Henry Lindsay listened for the Chimes (this was because a piper was playing loudly) then we all trooped upstairs where Mr. & Mrs, Mac (the wardens, surname fore-shortened by Mum, as she has done with the owner of the house in  Coldingham Avenue) received us with ginger wine and cake, then we had dancing & singing then Dad, Jack & self were invited into the kitchen where the fun was terrific & later  Mrs. Mac. invited us all up to their own flat, it is very nice and, my! what a party – Daddy kept saying it was the best for years, it was hilarious – even riotous with fun and singing and ended up with several prostrate forms lying around, a true Scottish New Year.

At the hostel (but not at the party) there was a party of students from the International Club.  Mostly Indians and EGYPTIANS (Mum’s capital letters)) and, as is my wont, I made hay while the sun shone by talking to the nicest Egyptian I could see.

Our festivities were broadcast by the B.B.C. at 8 till 8.20 on New Year and this E. I spoke to was one of two picked to ‘say a few words‘ over the mike, and I found his name is Doctor (it sounds like this) “Kiellally” – however, I’m going to invite him & his girl friend down some night – she is studying social science at the University and lives at Danes Drive, Scotstoun.  The doc. is awfully interested in my trip and we talked Egypt for hours and he says what a pity I can’t wait till June to go out as he is going then and would be delighted to travel with me.  I bet he knows the ropes re. that journey.  He says I could go via France without bothering with Cooks and there’s a regular service of ships once a week from Toulon to Alex or P.S. It w’d be exciting to go like that, the only snag being baggage and customs, but I guess I c’d manage.  Cooks make one feel so helpless, it makes me mad.

Now what I want you to do pronto is to give me your views re. travelling via France, free from any agency, I know I don’t need a visa to get into France but if I travel on my own how shall I get a visa to get into Egypt?  And what about inoculations?

Re. the house, Dad & I saw the solicitor as arranged and he suggested offering £750. He further said not to worry in any case as the house (with the present legislation) is ours anyway, but that it w’d be nice to buy as one’s own house.

I have the most ghastly feverish cold, the first in years so I sh’dn’t complain – but I do!

Keep well and happy own darling, we are loving you all the time.  All the best in the world in 1947.

Cheers and love, Dad & Mum. xx

_______________________

“Len” with her Mum, Cairo.. Taken by a Cairo street photographer, July 1947.

Adapted From Part Two, Chapter One “Fresh and Innocent” of Len:Our Ownest Darling Girl

lendarlinggirl.com

_________________

 

Author petegraftonPosted on December 4, 2017February 10, 2018Categories Political & Social History, Second World War, Social HistoryTags A.Massey& Sons Glasgow, Anglo-Egyptian Club Cairo 1946, Auchendrennan, Birds Custard Powder 1946 advertisment, Cairo 1946, Christmas 1946, Coldingham Avenue Yoker, Dewers White Label whisky advertisment 1946, Hogmanay 1946, Loch Lomond youth hostel group photograph Hogmanay 1946, Prefabs Muriend Glasgow 1947, ROF Dalmuir, Victory Studios Argyle Street Glasgow, YokerLeave a comment on Christmas 1946, Clydebank, Hogmanay 1946 Loch Lomond YH

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